IDR/Collaborative Research: Activities in Thermal Spray Processing and Volcanology

这个跨学科研究(IDR)协作奖的研究目标是探索火山学和热喷涂材料加工之间的跨学科相似之处，特别是熔融材料在极端温度和压力下的行为。火山岩浆经受高温(700-1200摄氏度)和接近1000大气压的压力。热喷涂涉及以100-200m/S的速度将熔化的(1,000-2,000°C)金属或陶瓷微粒撞击到基材上，在撞击的“飞溅”下的瞬时压力可达10000个大气压。这种协作联系源于最近在冰冻岩屑底部发现的高度纳米孔结构，其假设机制是由于快速降压而形成气泡；众所周知，这发生在火山喷发期间的岩浆中。因此，现有的地质模型和受控热喷涂工艺将被用来更好地理解各种材料和环境变量的这种现象。所采取的方法将是：(1)利用火山学模拟技术和实验参数空间来探索热喷雾在可利用的规模上生产“受地质启发的”纳米多孔薄膜和涂层的能力，以及(2)利用热喷雾工艺，特别是板片形成，开发微型实验，在其中可以系统地测量火山材料的高温特性。如果成功，这项研究的好处将包括强大的设计工具，利用热喷涂来制造各种材料的有用的纳米孔表面和结构，这是一个具有重要基础设施的数十亿美元的行业。这也将为热喷雾带来一种新的技术“拉力”，推动进一步的基础研究和创新。此外，它还将创造一个可靠的工具来解决岩浆行为中备受争议的话题，这对理解和预测喷发很重要。在外展方面，该计划将利用这两个领域的高度可见性和动态性质，促进向本科生、未被充分代表的预科学生和老年公民传播复杂的科学概念。该项目是由ENG/CMMI和GEO/EAR联合资助的跨学科研究(IDR)项目。

The research objective of this Interdisciplinary Research (IDR) collaborative award is to explore interdisciplinary parallels between volcanology and thermal spray materials processing, notably the behavior of molten materials at extreme temperatures and pressures. Volcanic magma is subjected to high (700-1200°C) temperatures and pressures approaching 1000 atmospheres. Thermal spray involves impinging molten (1000-2000°C) metallic or ceramic micro-particles at 100-200 m/s onto substrates, where instantaneous pressures can reach 10000 atmospheres underneath the impacting "splat". The collaborative link stems from a recent discovery of highly nanoporous structures on the underside of frozen splats, the hypothesized mechanism of which is bubble nucleation due to rapid depressurization; this is known to occur in magma during volcanic eruption. Accordingly, existing geologic models and controlled thermal spray processing will be used to better understand this phenomenon for a wide range of materials and environmental variables. The approach taken will be to (1) utilize volcanologic modeling techniques and experimental parameter space to explore the capability of thermal spray to produce "geo-inspired" nanoporous thin films and coatings on a useful scale and (2) use thermal spray processing, specifically splat formation, to develop microscale experiments in which the high-temperature properties of volcanic materials may be measured systematically.If successful, the benefits of this research will include robust design tools to fabricate useful nanoporous surfaces and structures of a wide range of materials using thermal spray, a multi-billion dollar industry with significant infrastructure. This would also introduce a new technological "pull" for thermal spray driving further fundamental studies and innovation. In addition, it would create a reliable tool to address highly debated topics in magma behavior, important for understanding and prediction of eruptions. For outreach, the program will take advantage of the highly visible and dynamic nature of both fields, to facilitate dissemination of complex scientific concepts to undergraduates, under-represented pre-collegiate students, and senior citizens.The project is an Interdisciplinary Research (IDR) Project jointly funded by ENG/CMMI and GEO/EAR.