Collaborative Research: Links Between Magma Source Characteristics, Shallow Plumbing, and Eruptive Styles in Mafic Intraplate Volcanic Fields (Lunar Crater Volcanic Field, Nevada)

合作研究：岩浆源特征、浅层管道和镁铁质板内火山田喷发类型之间的联系（内华达州月球陨石坑火山田）

• 批准号: 1016042
• 负责人: Elisabeth Widom
• 金额: $ 9.65万
• 依托单位: Miami University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-08-01 至 2014-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1016042&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Links; Between; Magma

Intellectual merit. Volcanoes that form in intraplate fields, although small and (mainly) monogenetic, result from eruptive phenomena ranging from quiet effusion of lava to relatively explosive Strombolian activity and, if external water interacts with ascending magma, hydrovolcanic activity. The generation and eruption of magmas in relatively small batches over dispersed areas, often with evidence for direct ascent from the upper mantle to the surface, suggests a driving process that is hybrid between strong hotspot-style mantle upwelling and scattered pockets of incipient melt that are passively mobilized by tectonic deformation (high- and low-magma flux end members of volcanic fields, respectively).Integrated approaches involving physical volcanology, petrology, and geochemistry can provide important insights into these processes and the links between magma dynamics at depth and eruption processes on the surface. The lack of long-lived crustal magma reservoirs) allows investigation of the influences of deep magma source(s) and shallow plumbing systems on eruption styles. It is hypothesized that eruption style is influenced by physical and chemical characteristics of magma sources. To test this hypothesis comprehensive data will be integrated from the well-exposed Lunar Crater Volcanic Field (central Nevada). Direct studies of eruptive facies, of exposed shallow conduits (at older, eroded volcanoes), and of abundant mantle xenoliths will provide insights into the magma sources and ascent processes. Existing data on broad geochemicsl trends and age relationships will be integrated with new EarthScope seismic tomography data to provide a framework for understanding: (1) the interplay between pre-existing structure, topography, and vent location; (2) shallow plumbing geometries; (3) shallow controls on magmatic eruption styles, including relationships between eruption style, clast texture and shape, volatile content, and mineral chemistry; (4) spatial and temporal variations in magma sources and magma differentiation processes at individual volcanoes and across the field as a whole; (5) depth of melting and volatile contents of parent magmas; and (6) correspondence between volcano location, melting depths, and upper mantle seismic structure.Broader impacts. This work will support improvements in volcanic risk assessment, both in terms of the probability (volcano timing and location) of future events and in terms of their consequences (related to eruption processes). The project will also support the training of three Ph.D. students (two of whom are female minorities) and will have a component of international collaboration with the volcanology and geochemistry group at the Universidad Autónoma de México. The proposing team is in communication both with the Shoshone Tribe (Duckwater Reservation) and the Bureau of Land Management so that we can share our results with them and (through BLM) with the public.

智力优点。在板岩内田中形成的火山虽然很小，并且（主要）是单基因遗传学的，但源自熔岩的安静积液到相对爆炸性的斯特朗博利亚活性以及外部水与升天岩浆相互作用，造成的现象引起的。岩浆在分散区域相对较小的批次中的产生和喷发通常从上地幔到地面直接上升的证据表明，驾驶过程是在强烈的热点式地幔上升和散布的临时融化质量上的强大融化质量均通过构造式变形（高低降低型号）的动机（较高的型号）的驱动过程（相互降低的效率）。涉及物理火山学，岩石学和地球化学可以为这些过程提供重要的见解，以及深度处的岩浆动态与表面喷发过程之间的联系。缺乏长寿命的地壳岩浆储量）可以投资深层岩浆来源和浅水管系统对喷发样式的影响。假设喷发样式受岩浆来源的物理和化学特征的影响。为了检验这一假设的综合数据，将从曝光盛大的月球火山口火场（内华达州中部）集成。直接研究喷发相，暴露的浅水道（在较旧的，侵蚀的火山）和丰富的地幔异种石的直接研究将为岩浆来源和上升过程提供见解。有关广泛地球化学趋势和年龄关系的现有数据将与新的Earthscope地震层析成像数据集成在一起，以提供理解的框架：（1）预先存在的结构，地形和通风孔位置之间的相互作用； （2）浅水层的几何形状； （3）对岩浆喷发样式的浅色控制，包括喷发样式，碎屑质地和形状，挥发性含量和矿物化学之间的关系； （4）岩浆源和岩浆分化过程的空间和临时变化在单个火山以及整个田间的整个田间； （5）父母岩浆的熔化深度和挥发性含量； （6）火山位置，熔化深度和地幔地震结构之间的对应关系。这项工作将支持未来事件的概率（火山时间和位置）以及其后果（与喷发过程有关）的概率（火山时间和位置）的改善。该项目还将支持三个博士学位的培训。学生（其中两个是女性少数群体），并将在墨西哥大学与火山学和地球化学小组的国际合作组成。提案团队正在与肖肖尼部落（Duckwater Reservation）和土地管理局进行沟通，以便我们可以与公众与他们分享我们的结果，并与公众分享我们的结果。