From Cones to Clusters: Evolution of a Monogenetic Volcanic Field

单成火山，那些只爆发一次，是地球表面岩浆活动最常见的表现，它们在每一个构造环境中都能找到，但对单成火山系统的行为和演化的关键方面仍然知之甚少。了解单成因火山的演化过程，以及这些过程的时间尺度，对于活跃的单成因火山区的灾害和风险评估至关重要。特别是，重要的是要了解岩浆是否从地幔迅速上升到地表，或者相反，在地壳浅部经历长时间的停留，因为这将影响可能被监测的潜在喷发前兆的性质和时间，包括地震活动，地面变形，水文变化或气体排放。该项目将提供对岩浆上升和储存的来源，过程和时间尺度的关键限制，导致跨墨西哥火山带（世界上最大的单成火山场）的单成火山喷发，并将为更好地了解全球单成火山场的行为提供重要框架。该项目将支持一名女研究生在女性代表性不足的STEM领域的论文工作。将招募两名女高中生通过实习参加。墨西哥遗产的同事是共同PI一个将工作直接指导学生。这个项目将调查最近，个人monogenetic锥和锥群在空间和时间上紧密相连，以解决的过程和时间尺度的岩浆演化和时间组成的变化在Michoac？位于墨西哥中部的瓜纳华托火山区（MGVF）。该项目的主要目标包括评估地幔与地壳控制岩浆活动产生MGVF单成因集群的相对重要性，并评估导致形成连续的个别火山锥与小型盾状火山的相似性和差异。具体问题包括：1）在一次喷发中是否有多个岩浆源？2)在连续的喷发中流出的岩浆是否相同？3)岩浆是否储存在地壳水平上，如果是的话，能储存多久？4)不同的集群是否表现出共同的成分进展？（5）小型盾状火山的演化过程和时间尺度与锥状火山的演化过程和时间尺度相比如何？目标研究领域包括晚更新世和全新世在塔克？姆巴罗，坦克？taro和扎卡普地区以及全新世El Metate小盾状火山，所有这些火山最近都被详细绘制了地图并确定了日期。这些问题将通过矿物和全岩尺度的地球化学和同位素分析来解决。该项目将支持一名女研究生和几名本科生的研究，包括与校园内的一个少数民族招聘组织合作。两名女高中生将被招募参加STEM外展工作。一位墨西哥遗产的同事是共同PI，将直接指导学生。这个奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为是值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。

Monogenetic volcanoes, those that erupt only once, are the most common expression of magmatism on the Earth's surface, and they are found in every tectonic setting, yet key aspects of the behavior and evolution of monogenetic volcanic systems remain poorly understood. Understanding the processes that govern evolution of monogenetic volcanoes, and the time scales over which these processes operate, is critical for hazard and risk assessment in active monogenetic volcanic fields. In particular, it is important to understand whether magmas ascend rapidly from the mantle to the surface, or instead undergo prolonged residence in the shallow crust, as this will influence the nature and timing of potential eruptive precursors that might be monitored, including seismicity, ground deformation, hydrologic changes, or gas emission. This project will provide key constraints on the sources, processes, and time scales of magma ascent and storage leading to eruption of monogenetic volcanoes in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt - the largest monogenetic volcanic field in the world - and will provide an important framework for better understanding the behavior of monogenetic volcanic fields globally. The project will support the thesis work of a female graduate student in a STEM field where females are underrepresented. Two female high school students will be recruited to participate via internships. A colleague of Mexican heritage is co-PI an will work directly mentoring students.This project will investigate recent, individual monogenetic cones and cone clusters linked closely in space and time, to address the processes and timescales governing magma evolution and temporal-compositional variations in the Michoac?n-Guanajuato Volcanic Field (MGVF) in the central Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. Primary objectives of the project include assessing the relative importance of mantle versus crustal control on magmatism producing MGVF monogenetic clusters, and evaluating the similarities and differences that lead to formation of successive individual cinder cones versus small shield volcanoes. Specific questions include: 1) are multiple magma sources tapped in single eruptions?; 2) are the same magmas tapped in successive eruptions?; 3) are magmas stored at crustal levels, and if so, for how long?; 4) do different clusters exhibit common compositional progressions?; and 5) how do the processes and timescales of small shield volcano evolution compare to those of cinder cones? Target study areas include Late Pleistocene and Holocene cinder cone clusters in the Tac?mbaro, Tanc?taro and Zacapu areas, and the Holocene El Metate small shield volcano, all of which have recently been mapped in detail and dated. These questions will be addressed through geochemical and isotopic analysis at the mineral and whole-rock scales. The project will support the research of a female graduate student and several undergraduate students, including collaboration with a minority-recruiting organization on campus. Two female high school students will be recruited to participate in a STEM outreach effort. A colleague of Mexican heritage is co-PI an will work directly mentoring students.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.