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From Cones to Clusters: Evolution of a Monogenetic Volcanic Field

从锥体到簇状：单生火山场的演化

基本信息

批准号：
1853006
负责人：
Elisabeth Widom
金额：
$ 30.5万
依托单位：
Miami University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-04-01 至 2025-03-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1853006&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Cones Clusters Evolution Monogenetic Volcanic

项目摘要

Monogenetic volcanoes, those that erupt only once, are the most common expression of magmatism on the Earth's surface, and they are found in every tectonic setting, yet key aspects of the behavior and evolution of monogenetic volcanic systems remain poorly understood. Understanding the processes that govern evolution of monogenetic volcanoes, and the time scales over which these processes operate, is critical for hazard and risk assessment in active monogenetic volcanic fields. In particular, it is important to understand whether magmas ascend rapidly from the mantle to the surface, or instead undergo prolonged residence in the shallow crust, as this will influence the nature and timing of potential eruptive precursors that might be monitored, including seismicity, ground deformation, hydrologic changes, or gas emission. This project will provide key constraints on the sources, processes, and time scales of magma ascent and storage leading to eruption of monogenetic volcanoes in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt - the largest monogenetic volcanic field in the world - and will provide an important framework for better understanding the behavior of monogenetic volcanic fields globally. The project will support the thesis work of a female graduate student in a STEM field where females are underrepresented. Two female high school students will be recruited to participate via internships. A colleague of Mexican heritage is co-PI an will work directly mentoring students.This project will investigate recent, individual monogenetic cones and cone clusters linked closely in space and time, to address the processes and timescales governing magma evolution and temporal-compositional variations in the Michoac?n-Guanajuato Volcanic Field (MGVF) in the central Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. Primary objectives of the project include assessing the relative importance of mantle versus crustal control on magmatism producing MGVF monogenetic clusters, and evaluating the similarities and differences that lead to formation of successive individual cinder cones versus small shield volcanoes. Specific questions include: 1) are multiple magma sources tapped in single eruptions?; 2) are the same magmas tapped in successive eruptions?; 3) are magmas stored at crustal levels, and if so, for how long?; 4) do different clusters exhibit common compositional progressions?; and 5) how do the processes and timescales of small shield volcano evolution compare to those of cinder cones? Target study areas include Late Pleistocene and Holocene cinder cone clusters in the Tac?mbaro, Tanc?taro and Zacapu areas, and the Holocene El Metate small shield volcano, all of which have recently been mapped in detail and dated. These questions will be addressed through geochemical and isotopic analysis at the mineral and whole-rock scales. The project will support the research of a female graduate student and several undergraduate students, including collaboration with a minority-recruiting organization on campus. Two female high school students will be recruited to participate in a STEM outreach effort. A colleague of Mexican heritage is co-PI an will work directly mentoring students.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

单生火山是地球表面最常见的岩浆活动表现形式，它们存在于各种构造环境中，但单生火山系统的行为和演化的关键方面仍然知之甚少。了解支配单生火山演化的过程，以及这些过程运行的时间尺度，对于活动的单生火山领域的危险和风险评估至关重要。尤其重要的是，必须了解岩浆是从地幔迅速上升到地表，还是在浅层地壳中长期停留，因为这将影响可能被监测的潜在喷发前兆的性质和时间，包括地震活动、地面变形、水文变化或气体排放。该项目将对导致横跨墨西哥火山带--世界上最大的单源火山田--的单源火山喷发的岩浆上升和储存的来源、过程和时间尺度提供关键限制，并将为更好地了解全球单源火山田的行为提供重要框架。该项目将支持STEM领域一名女研究生的论文工作，在该领域，女性代表人数不足。将通过实习招募两名女高中生参加。墨西哥遗产的一位同事将直接指导学生。这个项目将研究最近在空间和时间上紧密联系的单个单生锥体和锥体星团，以解决控制跨墨西哥火山带中部Michoac？n-Guanajuato火山场(MGVF)的岩浆演化和时间成分变化的过程和时间尺度。该项目的主要目标包括评估地幔和地壳对产生MGVF单生火山群的岩浆作用的控制作用的相对重要性，以及评估导致形成连续的单个煤渣锥与小型屏蔽式火山的异同。具体问题包括：1)在一次喷发中是否利用了多个岩浆来源？2)相同的岩浆是否在连续的喷发中被利用？3)岩浆是否储存在地壳水平，如果是，储存多久？4)不同的星系团是否表现出共同的成分演化？5)与煤渣锥相比，小型屏蔽式火山演化的过程和时间尺度如何？目标研究区域包括塔姆巴罗、坦克太罗和萨卡普地区的晚更新世和全新世煤渣锥群，以及全新世埃尔梅塔特小盾火山，所有这些都已于最近进行了详细测绘和年代测定。这些问题将通过矿物和全岩尺度的地球化学和同位素分析来解决。该项目将支持一名女研究生和几名本科生的研究，包括与校园内的一个少数族裔招聘组织合作。将招募两名女高中生参加STEM外展活动。墨西哥遗产的一位同事将直接指导学生。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。