From Cones to Clusters: Evolution of a Monogenetic Volcanic Field

从锥体到簇状：单生火山场的演化

基本信息

批准号：
1853006
负责人：
Elisabeth Widom
金额：
$ 30.5万
依托单位：
Miami University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-04-01 至 2025-03-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1853006&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Cones Clusters Evolution Monogenetic Volcanic

项目摘要

Monogenetic volcanoes, those that erupt only once, are the most common expression of magmatism on the Earth's surface, and they are found in every tectonic setting, yet key aspects of the behavior and evolution of monogenetic volcanic systems remain poorly understood. Understanding the processes that govern evolution of monogenetic volcanoes, and the time scales over which these processes operate, is critical for hazard and risk assessment in active monogenetic volcanic fields. In particular, it is important to understand whether magmas ascend rapidly from the mantle to the surface, or instead undergo prolonged residence in the shallow crust, as this will influence the nature and timing of potential eruptive precursors that might be monitored, including seismicity, ground deformation, hydrologic changes, or gas emission. This project will provide key constraints on the sources, processes, and time scales of magma ascent and storage leading to eruption of monogenetic volcanoes in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt - the largest monogenetic volcanic field in the world - and will provide an important framework for better understanding the behavior of monogenetic volcanic fields globally. The project will support the thesis work of a female graduate student in a STEM field where females are underrepresented. Two female high school students will be recruited to participate via internships. A colleague of Mexican heritage is co-PI an will work directly mentoring students.This project will investigate recent, individual monogenetic cones and cone clusters linked closely in space and time, to address the processes and timescales governing magma evolution and temporal-compositional variations in the Michoac?n-Guanajuato Volcanic Field (MGVF) in the central Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. Primary objectives of the project include assessing the relative importance of mantle versus crustal control on magmatism producing MGVF monogenetic clusters, and evaluating the similarities and differences that lead to formation of successive individual cinder cones versus small shield volcanoes. Specific questions include: 1) are multiple magma sources tapped in single eruptions?; 2) are the same magmas tapped in successive eruptions?; 3) are magmas stored at crustal levels, and if so, for how long?; 4) do different clusters exhibit common compositional progressions?; and 5) how do the processes and timescales of small shield volcano evolution compare to those of cinder cones? Target study areas include Late Pleistocene and Holocene cinder cone clusters in the Tac?mbaro, Tanc?taro and Zacapu areas, and the Holocene El Metate small shield volcano, all of which have recently been mapped in detail and dated. These questions will be addressed through geochemical and isotopic analysis at the mineral and whole-rock scales. The project will support the research of a female graduate student and several undergraduate students, including collaboration with a minority-recruiting organization on campus. Two female high school students will be recruited to participate in a STEM outreach effort. A colleague of Mexican heritage is co-PI an will work directly mentoring students.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

单基因火山（仅爆发一次）是地球表面上岩浆作用最常见的表达，并且在每个构造环境中都发现了它们，但是单遗传火山系统的行为和演变的关键方面仍然很众所周知。了解控制单基因火山演变的过程以及这些过程所运行的时间尺度，对于主动单基因火山场的危害和风险评估至关重要。特别是，重要的是要了解岩浆是从地幔迅速上升到地面上的迅速上升，还是在浅层地壳中经历了延长的居住，因为这将影响可能受到监测的潜在爆发前体的性质和时机，包括地震性，地面变形，水文学变化或气体发射。该项目将对岩浆上升的来源，过程和时间尺度提供关键限制，并储存，从而导致跨墨西哥火山带（世界上最大的单基因火山场）在跨墨西哥火山带中的爆发，并将为全球单基因降量燃料场的行为提供更好的框架。该项目将支持女性研究生在女性人数不足的STEM领域的论文工作。将招募两名女高中生通过实习参加。墨西哥遗产的同事是共同指导学生。该项目将调查在时空上紧密相连的最新单个单基因锥和锥形簇，以解决岩浆演化的过程和时间表，以及米歇纳群岛的米甘瓦纳河畔米甘瓦尔山脉（MichoAcan）的时间表进化和时间分类。该项目的主要目标包括评估地幔与地壳控制对产生MGVF单基因簇的相对重要性，并评估导致形成连续的单个煤渣锥与小型盾牌火山的相似性和差异。具体问题包括：1）单次喷发中有多个岩浆源吗？ 2）在连续爆发中挖掘出同样的岩浆吗？ 3）岩浆是否存储在地壳水平上，如果是的，则需要多长时间？ 4）不同的簇是否表现出常见的组成渐进？ 5）小型盾牌火山演化的过程和时间尺度与煤渣锥相比如何？目标研究领域包括在Tac？Mbaro，Tanc？Taro和Zacapu地区的晚更新世和全新世煤灰锥簇，以及全新世的小型盾牌火山，这些火山最近都详细绘制并过时了。这些问题将通过矿物和全岩量表的地球化学和同位素分析来解决。该项目将支持一名女研究生和几名本科生的研究，包括与校园中少数族裔招募组织的合作。将招募两名女学生参加STEM外展活动。墨西哥遗产的一位同事是Co-Pi，将直接指导学生。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并且使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准，被认为值得通过评估来获得支持。