Identifying Crustal and Mantle Processes in the Central Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt

识别跨墨西哥火山带中部的地壳和地幔过程

• 批准号: 1019798
• 负责人: Elisabeth Widom
• 金额: $ 27.75万
• 依托单位: Miami University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-15 至 2015-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1019798&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Identifying; Crustal; Mantle; Processes; Central

Intellectual Merit: Subduction zones are the sites of much of the Earth's active explosivevolcanism and associated hazards, and also important sites of mass exchange between the crust and mantle, and fundamental agents in the growth of the continental crust and evolution of the crust-mantle system through time. Much attention has been focused on explosive silicicstratovolcanoes, yet less studied mafic monogenetic cones are very common and can be highly destructive. In addition, their mafic composition makes them ideal for study of mantle processes in subduction settings. We propose to do a detailed multi-isotopic study of the historic Jorullo and Parícutin monogenetic volcanic centers in the central Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. Jorullo and Parícutin volcanoes are ideal for a paired case study because: they both produced well documented historic eruptions; detailed field studies have been done so samples selected for geochemical analysis can be placed in stratigraphic context; they both exhibit a temporal compositional trend of increasing SiO2 with time that is common in mafic monogenetic eruptions but the origin of which is poorly understood; they represent possible endmembers in inferred extents of crustal interaction, with lesser contamination of Jorullo lavas and very extensive contamination of Parícutin lavas; existing local upper and lower crustal xenoliths will allow rigorous investigation of the role of lithospheric assimilation; and their close geographic proximity enables a comparison of potential variability of mantle and crustal processes in different volcanic centers in a relatively fixed tectonic/geologic setting. Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf-Os isotopic compositions will be measured on whole-rock lavas, tephra, and crustal xenoliths, O and Os isotopes on olivine-oxide-matrix separates, and Sr isotopes in single melt-inclusion-bearing olivines. These data should uniquely constrain the relative roles of lower and upper crustal assimilation and the potential addition of slab-derived components to the mantle wedge including hydrous slab-fluid and sediment-melt. This study will have important implications regarding the establishment of magma reservoirs in mafic monogenetic volcanic systems and the cause of temporal-compositional variations in eruptive products, and will provide insights into the nature and heterogeneities of slab-derived fluids/melts over small spatial scales within a mantle wedge.Broader Impacts: Student Training & Education: Students involved in this project will gain extensive experience in several state-of-the-art analytical techniques, and at least one student will participate in fieldwork, receiving training in field volcanology. It is anticipated that the field work will be done in conjunction with a volcanology field workshop, providing the opportunity for additional students to benefit. Results from this research will also be incorporated into the classroom in lecture material and related hands-on, inquiry-based learning activities. Mentoring Women in Science: Widom serves as a role model/mentor for women in science, and currently has a research group with 4 female Ph.D. students. Widom and her students have worked closely with undergraduates in the past, and it is anticipated that the female-dominated research group will help attract participation of female undergraduate students. Outreach Activities: This project will be closely linked to the recent von Humboldt Foundation grant to Siebe and Schmincke, in which results of field mapping and volcanological studies, and our new geochemical data, will be integrated with the establishment of Jorullo as a new UNESCO GeoPark. In addition, Widom and her students will be involved in outreach programs through Miami U, including serving as consultants with Miami's Limper Geology Museum and providing research-based educational experiences to the community through the museum's K-12 programs as well as lab tours/demonstrations to local retirees and community college students. Volcanic Hazard Assessment: The results of this project will help constrain pre-eruptive processes in two historic volcanoes in a highly active volcanic region in which any future eruption will have a major impact on the local population and major urban centers including Morelia and likely Mexico City. International Collaboration: This project will foster ongoing international collaborations with Mexican geologists Siebe and Schaaf, as well as German volcanologist Schmincke.This award is co-funded by the Office of International Science and Engineering (OISE).

智力优势：俯冲带是地球上许多活跃的爆发性火山活动和相关灾害的发生地，也是地壳和地幔之间物质交换的重要场所，也是大陆地壳生长和壳幔系统随时间演化的基本因素。很多注意力都集中在爆炸性硅质层火山上，但研究较少的镁铁质单生火山锥非常常见，并且具有高度破坏性。此外，它们的镁铁质成分使它们成为研究俯冲环境中地幔过程的理想选择。我们建议对跨墨西哥火山带中部历史悠久的 Jorullo 和 Parícutin 单生火山中心进行详细的多同位素研究。乔鲁洛火山和帕里库廷火山是配对案例研究的理想选择，因为： 它们都产生了有据可查的历史喷发；已经进行了详细的实地研究，以便可以将选定用于地球化学分析的样本置于地层背景中；它们都表现出 SiO2 随着时间的推移而增加的时间成分趋势，这在镁铁质单成岩喷发中很常见，但对其起源知之甚少；它们代表了推断的地壳相互作用范围内可能的端元，其中 Jorullo 熔岩的污染程度较小，Parícutin 熔岩的污染范围非常广泛；现有的当地上地壳和下地壳捕虏体将允许对岩石圈同化的作用进行严格的研究；它们的地理接近性使得能够在相对固定的构造/地质环境中比较不同火山中心的地幔和地壳过程的潜在变化。将测量全岩熔岩、火山灰和地壳捕虏体上的 Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf-Os 同位素组成，测量橄榄石氧化物基质分离物上的 O 和 Os 同位素，以及含有单一熔体包裹体的橄榄石中的 Sr 同位素。这些数据应该独特地限制了下地壳和上地壳同化的相对作用，以及板片衍生成分向地幔楔的潜在添加，包括含水板片流体和沉积物熔体。这项研究将对镁铁质单成因火山系统中岩浆储层的建立以及喷发产物的时间成分变化的原因产生重要影响，并将深入了解地幔楔内小空间尺度上板片衍生的流体/熔体的性质和非均质性。 更广泛的影响：学生培训和教育：参与该项目的学生将在多个方面获得丰富的经验 最先进的分析技术，至少一名学生将参加实地工作，接受野外火山学培训。预计现场工作将与火山学现场研讨会结合进行，为更多学生提供受益的机会。这项研究的结果也将被纳入课堂的讲座材料和相关的实践、探究性学习活动中。指导科学界女性：Widom 是科学界女性的榜样/导师，目前拥有一个由 4 名女性博士组成的研究小组。学生。 Widom 和她的学生过去与本科生密切合作，预计以女性为主的研究小组将有助于吸引女本科生的参与。外展活动：该项目将与冯·洪堡基金会最近向 Siebe 和 Schmincke 提供的资助密切相关，其中实地测绘和火山学研究的结果以及我们新的地球化学数据将与乔鲁洛作为新的联合国教科文组织地质公园的建立相结合。此外，Widom 和她的学生将参与迈阿密大学的外展项目，包括担任迈阿密林珀地质博物馆的顾问，通过博物馆的 K-12 项目向社区提供基于研究的教育经验，以及为当地退休人员和社区学院的学生提供实验室参观/演示。火山危害评估：该项目的结果将有助于限制位于高度活跃火山地区的两座历史悠久的火山的喷发前过程，该地区未来的任何喷发都将对当地人口和主要城市中心（包括莫雷利亚和可能的墨西哥城）产生重大影响。国际合作：该项目将促进与墨西哥地质学家 Siebe 和 Schaaf 以及德国火山学家 Schmincke 的持续国际合作。该奖项由国际科学与工程办公室 (OISE) 共同资助。