Die Ordnung des Infektiösen. Transformation bakteriologischen Wissens durch die Literatur der Moderne 1880-1930

传染顺序。

• 批准号: 197720253
• 负责人: Privatdozentin Dr. Martina King
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: School of Modern Languages and Cultures
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Fellowships
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2010-12-31 至 2013-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/197720253?language=en
• 关键词: Die; Ordnung; des; Infekti; sen.

The project opens up a new context of the literary system around 1900: invisible microbes that cause numerous major epidemics. When microbes were discovered in 1880, illness itself was defined in an entirely new way. This epoch-making change in medical knowledge is intimately connected to the modernization in the literary field. Researchers in laboratories search for those microscopic creatures that invade the human body and cause decomposing infections like tuberculosis, cholera, syphilis. Simultaneously, the literary system focuses on the subject, whose identity, authority and coherence are intensely questioned. Literary criticism of the subject ranges from mental dissolution to the disgusting body, which is destroyed by infectious diseases. Because of this, many writers show a deep interest in bacteriological issues and metaphors: From Wilhelm Bölsche, Henrik Ibsen, Karl Kraus and Fritz Mauthner to Thomas Mann and avant-garde poets of the Sturm-Kreis, Intellectuals of the transitional period around 1900 take part in the medical transition caused by germ theory. On this basis, the following questions will be discussed: 1. Which microbial metaphors and narratives serve literary texts in the naturalist and post-naturalist period in constructing fictional worlds or in representing problems of the subject? 2. In what ways does fictional literature transform bacteriological knowledge into collective symbols that signify paranoia about the irrational, the impure and the alien? 3. How is the expansion of bacteriological discourse into the field of politics reflected, reproduced or subverted through literary texts? The aim of the study is to contribute to a medical history of literature: the new context will open up additional levels of text interpretation. The study will show how deep the discourse of contagion and microbes interferes with the history of ideas around 1900.

该项目为1900年左右的文学体系开辟了一个新的背景：导致许多重大流行病的隐形微生物。当微生物在1880年被发现时，疾病本身被以一种全新的方式定义。这一划时代的医学知识变革与文学领域的现代化息息相关。实验室的研究人员寻找那些入侵人体并导致结核病、霍乱、梅毒等分解感染的微生物。与此同时，文学系统聚焦于主体，主体的身份、权威和连贯性受到了强烈的质疑。对这一主题的文学批评从精神的消解到被传染病摧毁的令人厌恶的身体。正因为如此，许多作家对细菌学问题和隐喻表现出了浓厚的兴趣：从威廉·伯尔舍、亨里克·易卜生、卡尔·克劳斯和弗里茨·莫特纳到托马斯·曼和斯图姆-克雷斯派的先锋诗人，1900年左右过渡时期的知识分子参与了由细菌理论引发的医学转型。在此基础上，我们将讨论以下问题：1.哪些微生物隐喻和叙事为自然主义和后自然主义时期的文学文本服务，以构建虚构的世界或表现主体的问题？2.虚构的文学如何将细菌学知识转化为集体符号，表示对非理性、不纯洁和异类的偏执？3.细菌学话语向政治领域的扩展是如何通过文学文本反映、再现或颠覆的？这项研究的目的是为文学的医学史做出贡献：新的背景将开启文本解释的更多层面。这项研究将展示传染病和微生物的话语对1900年前后思想史的干扰有多深。