Die Ordnung des Infektiösen. Transformation bakteriologischen Wissens durch die Literatur der Moderne 1880-1930

传染顺序。

• 批准号: 197720253
• 负责人: Privatdozentin Dr. Martina King
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: School of Modern Languages and Cultures
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Fellowships
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2010-12-31 至 2013-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/197720253?language=en
• 关键词: Die; Ordnung; des; Infekti; sen.

The project opens up a new context of the literary system around 1900: invisible microbes that cause numerous major epidemics. When microbes were discovered in 1880, illness itself was defined in an entirely new way. This epoch-making change in medical knowledge is intimately connected to the modernization in the literary field. Researchers in laboratories search for those microscopic creatures that invade the human body and cause decomposing infections like tuberculosis, cholera, syphilis. Simultaneously, the literary system focuses on the subject, whose identity, authority and coherence are intensely questioned. Literary criticism of the subject ranges from mental dissolution to the disgusting body, which is destroyed by infectious diseases. Because of this, many writers show a deep interest in bacteriological issues and metaphors: From Wilhelm Bölsche, Henrik Ibsen, Karl Kraus and Fritz Mauthner to Thomas Mann and avant-garde poets of the Sturm-Kreis, Intellectuals of the transitional period around 1900 take part in the medical transition caused by germ theory. On this basis, the following questions will be discussed: 1. Which microbial metaphors and narratives serve literary texts in the naturalist and post-naturalist period in constructing fictional worlds or in representing problems of the subject? 2. In what ways does fictional literature transform bacteriological knowledge into collective symbols that signify paranoia about the irrational, the impure and the alien? 3. How is the expansion of bacteriological discourse into the field of politics reflected, reproduced or subverted through literary texts? The aim of the study is to contribute to a medical history of literature: the new context will open up additional levels of text interpretation. The study will show how deep the discourse of contagion and microbes interferes with the history of ideas around 1900.

该项目为1900年前后的文学系统开辟了一个新的背景：导致许多重大流行病的无形微生物。当1880年发现微生物时，疾病本身被以一种全新的方式定义了。医学知识的这种划时代的变化与文学领域的现代化密切相关。实验室里的研究人员寻找那些侵入人体并引起分解性感染的微生物，比如肺结核、霍乱、梅毒。同时，文学系统聚焦于主体，主体的身份、权威和一致性受到强烈质疑。对这一主题的文学批评从精神崩溃到被传染病摧毁的令人厌恶的身体。正因为如此，许多作家对细菌问题和隐喻表现出浓厚的兴趣：从威廉Bölsche、易卜生、卡尔·克劳斯和弗里茨·毛特纳到托马斯·曼和前卫诗人的Sturm-Kreis， 1900年左右的过渡时期知识分子参与了由细菌理论引起的医学转型。在此基础上，将讨论以下问题：1。在自然主义和后自然主义时期，哪些微生物隐喻和叙事为文学文本提供了构建虚构世界或表现主体问题的服务？2. 虚构文学以何种方式将细菌学知识转化为集体符号，象征着对非理性、不纯洁和异己的偏执？3. 细菌学话语在政治领域的扩张是如何通过文学文本反映、复制或颠覆的？这项研究的目的是为文献的医学史做出贡献：新的背景将开辟文本解释的额外水平。这项研究将表明，关于传染病和微生物的论述对1900年左右的思想史的影响有多大。