Cross Sectional Adaption for Rod-Shaped Element in Compression

应用的延续阶段的目的是优化管状受压构件，其在结构中作为柱出现。柱子承受建筑结构的竖向荷载，包括建筑恒载和活载。圆柱具有矩形或圆形横截面。根据作用荷载和柱与相邻构件连接区域的构造，柱的不同区域或多或少地受到应力，并且相邻构件的承载性能也受到影响。它的目的是开发优化的几何形状的列，其中列的典型故障机制，由于应力或损失的稳定性可以排除一个有效的材料利用率。在调查期间的第一个项目期间的因素，影响列的承载性能已被确定和不同的故障类型之间的过渡点已被确定。本文首先研究了中心受压柱纵向几何形状的影响，找出了最佳截面和柱轴线形状，在此基础上，分析了附加弯矩对柱的影响，得出了基本荷载条件下的主要最佳形状。在现实中，柱暴露于不同作用的组合，因此首先必须选择特征载荷情况以开发优化的柱形状。对于设计和施工，柱被理想化为单轴桁架，但对于施工，板的连接点也很重要，并进行了研究。因此，开发的柱形状的积极影响被发现，因为柱端加腋改善了板和柱之间的荷载传递以及结构的整体性能。在应用项目期间，开发的柱形状在基本荷载条件下将针对某些特征荷载情况进行优化。因此，将进行数值计算，并通过实验研究验证的结果。因此，根据形状随力发展的柱状形状也是材料和资源有效的。另一个重点是柱和板之间的连接点，考虑局部问题，例如板的冲压。因此，计划与同样由申请人申请的由层状高性能混凝土制成的轻型天花板结构项目密切合作。最后，通过开发和建造一个演示器，证明了形状优化构件到空间结构的固结。

The aim of the applied continuation phase is the optimisation of tubular shaped compression members which occur in constructions as columns. Columns carry the vertical loads of structures of the construction dead and live loads. Usual columns have rectangular or circular cross-sections. Depending on acting loads and the construction of the connection area between column and the adjacent members, different areas of the columns are more or less stressed and also the bearing behaviour of the adjacent members is influenced. It is aimed to develop optimised geometries for columns, for which the typical failure mechanisms of columns due to exceedance of stress or loss of stability can be excluded by an efficient material utilisation.In investigations during the first project period the factors influencing the bearing behaviour of columns have been determined and the transition points between the different failure types have been determined. At first the influence of the geometrical column form in longitudinal direction of centrically loaded columns has been investigated and optimised cross-sections and shapes in the column axis were found. Based on that the influence of additional bending moments acting on the column were analysed and the resulting principal optimum shapes for basic loading conditions developed. In reality columns are exposed to combinations of different actions, so that at first a characteristic loading scenario has to be chosen to develop an optimised column shape. For the design and construction columns are idealised as uniaxial trusses, but for the construction also the connection point to the slabs is important and was investigated. Thereby the positive influence of the developed column shape was found, because a haunching of the column ends improves the load transfer between slab and column and the overall behaviour of the structure.In the applied project period the developed column shapes for basic loading conditions are to be optimised for certain characteristic loading cases. Therefore numerical calculation will be done and the results verified by experimental investigations. As the result a column shape according to form follows force is developed which is also material- and resource-efficient. A separate focus lies on the connection point between column and slab under consideration of local problems, as e.g. the punching of slabs. Therefore a close cooperation with the project Lightweigth Ceiling Structures Made of Layered High-Performance Concrete, also applied for by the applicant, is planned. At the end the consolidation of form optimized members to a spatial structure is proven with the development and construction of a demonstrator.