Biased Evolutionary Transitions in Mode of Development: Can Differences in Morphology and Digestive Function be Linked to Evolvability of Gastropod Development?

发育模式的偏向进化转变：形态和消化功能的差异是否与腹足动物发育的进化能力有关？

• 批准号: 1019727
• 负责人: Rachel Collin
• 金额: $ 30.3万
• 依托单位: Smithsonian Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-08-15 至 2014-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1019727&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Biased; Evolutionary; Transitions; Mode; Development

Project Title: Biased Evolutionary Transitions in Mode of Development: Can Differences in Morphology and Digestive Function be Linked to Evolvability of gastropod Development?Principal Investigator: Collin, RachelNSF Project Number: IOS 1019727 For over 100 years it has been thought that the loss of complex morphological structures or functions, like the loss of legs in whales and the loss of flight in ostriches, is irreversible. However, recent results suggest that some kinds of animals can regain lost structures or functions. One example of this is in a family of sea snails. In about 50% of these snails the free-living larval stage has been lost, but surprisingly it has been regained in 3 species. This research will use biomechanical, morphological and developmental approaches to understand how the larval structures and their function are lost, and if the different ways they are lost can either prevent or allow the reacquisition of the larval stage. Results will include detailed understanding of how the larvae of these snails capture particles from the plankton, how their ability to digest different food sources develops as the embryonic snails grow, and if simple laboratory manipulations can alter how they develop. Understanding the factors that affect the development of marine animals is important because the larval stage increases the ability of populations to survive local disturbances and relocate after habitat destruction. It also reduces the chances of extinction relative to species that lack the larval stage. Finally the presence of a free-living larval stage also increases the potential for species to become invasive pests. This project will train 3 undergraduate interns, 2 graduate students and one post-doctoral fellow, support an advanced undergraduate-level course, and produce a series of short educational videos provided to the public on YouTube.

项目名称：发育模式的偏颇进化转变：形态和消化功能的差异是否与腹足动物发育的可进化性有关？100多年来，人们一直认为，复杂形态结构或功能的丧失，如鲸鱼失去腿和鸵鸟失去飞行能力，是不可逆转的。然而，最近的研究结果表明，某些动物可以恢复失去的结构或功能。海螺家族就是一个例子。大约50%的蜗牛失去了自由生活的幼虫期，但令人惊讶的是，有3种蜗牛又恢复了自由生活的幼虫期。本研究将使用生物力学、形态学和发育方法来了解幼虫的结构和功能是如何丢失的，以及它们的不同丢失方式是否可以阻止或允许幼虫阶段的重新获得。结果将包括详细了解这些蜗牛的幼虫如何从浮游生物中捕获颗粒，它们在胚胎蜗牛生长过程中消化不同食物来源的能力如何发展，以及简单的实验室操作是否可以改变它们的发育方式。了解影响海洋动物发育的因素是很重要的，因为幼虫阶段提高了种群在当地干扰和栖息地破坏后重新安置的能力。相对于没有幼虫期的物种，这也减少了灭绝的机会。最后，自由生活的幼虫阶段的存在也增加了物种成为入侵害虫的可能性。本项目将培养3名本科生实习生、2名研究生和1名博士后，支持一门高级本科课程，并制作一系列教育短片，在YouTube上向公众提供。