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OPUS: MCS: Evolutionary processes underlying transitions in sexual systems, pollination mode and ploidy

作品：MCS：性系统、授粉模式和倍性转变的进化过程

基本信息

批准号：
1911539
负责人：
Verónica Di Stilio
金额：
$ 30.4万
依托单位：
University of Washington
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-06-01 至 2024-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1911539&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
OPUS MCS Evolutionary processes underlying

项目摘要

Many crops responsible for the bulk of human nutrition are pollinated by wind. Wind pollination has evolved repeatedly from insect pollination in flowering plants, yet the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Shifts to wind pollination from animal pollination and to separate sexes (dioecy) from hermaphroditism represent major evolutionary transitions in flowering plants. Early progress in understanding the evolution of wind pollination was made in a plant genus where multiple origins of wind pollination from insect-pollinated ancestors is accompanied by the separation of sexes and the duplication of genomes, also known as polyploidy. Thalictrum are herbaceous perennials with great diversity of flower morphology, sexual system, and pollination mode amongst its circa 200 temperate species growing worldwide. Although polyploidy has a long history of recognized relevance to the evolution of plants, and a demonstrated contribution to increased species diversity, few studies have examined whether polyploidy is associated with shifts in pollinators or sexual system. This study will contribute to a better understanding of the processes contributing to changes in plant reproduction, with potential applications to agriculture, where alternative pollination vectors may be needed due to shortage of insect pollinators, and separate sexes are useful in the production of hybrid seed.This study seeks to investigate the order of trait evolution and the phylogenetic patterns of trait-dependent species diversification in a diverse angiosperm lineage where evolutionary transitions in ploidy level, sexual system and pollination mode have occurred repeatedly. Thalictrum (Ranunculaceae) is an ideal system in which to study the tempo and mode of evolution of these ecological shifts, as they have occurred repeatedly, allowing for multiple comparisons. The broader questions addressed by this study are: 1) What is the effect of polyploidy, sexual system and pollination mode on net diversification rates? Do polyploidy and animal pollination promote speciation? Is dioecy an evolutionary "dead end"?; and 2) What is the order of character evolution? Is transition to unisexual flowers more likely in a wind pollinated background or did unisexual flowers evolve first? Are either of these more likely in a polyploid background? This interdisciplinary research will make use of phylogenetic comparative analyses to uncover trait-dependent species diversification that will inform future evolutionary development experiments aimed at uncovering the genetic basis underlying independent shifts to wind pollination, dioecy and polyploidy and at determining whether these evolved through same or different genetic mechanisms each time, i.e., is it a case of parallel or convergent evolution?This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

许多负责人类营养大部分的作物都是靠风授粉的。风媒传粉在开花植物中从昆虫传粉反复进化而来，但其潜在机制却知之甚少。从动物授粉到风媒传粉，从两性畸形到雌雄分离（雌雄异株）的转变代表了显花植物的主要进化转变。在理解风媒传粉进化的早期进展是在一个植物属中取得的，其中来自昆虫授粉祖先的风媒传粉的多个起源伴随着性别分离和基因组复制，也称为多倍性。白菊属多年生草本植物，在世界范围内约有200种温带植物，其花的形态、性系统和传粉方式具有很大的多样性。虽然多倍性与植物进化的相关性有着悠久的历史，并对增加物种多样性做出了贡献，但很少有研究探讨多倍性是否与传粉者或性系统的变化有关。这项研究将有助于更好地了解植物繁殖变化的过程，并可能应用于农业，由于昆虫授粉者短缺，可能需要替代授粉载体，本研究旨在探讨性状进化的顺序和性状的系统发育模式，并对不同性状的系统发育模式进行了比较。在一个不同的被子植物谱系中，依赖物种多样化，其中在倍性水平、性系统和授粉模式上反复发生进化转变。毛茛科（毛茛科）是一个理想的系统，在其中研究的克里思和模式的演变，这些生态变化，因为它们已经发生了反复，允许多重比较。本研究涉及的问题是：1）多倍体、性系统和授粉方式对净多样化率的影响是什么？多倍体和动物授粉促进物种形成吗？恐龙是进化的“死胡同”吗？（2）性格演变的顺序是什么？单性花的转变是在风媒传粉的背景下更可能发生，还是单性花首先进化？在多倍体背景下，这两种情况中的任何一种更有可能吗？这项跨学科的研究将利用系统发育比较分析来揭示依赖于性状的物种多样化，这将为未来的进化发展实验提供信息，这些实验旨在揭示风媒传粉、二倍性和多倍性独立变化的遗传基础，并确定这些变化每次是通过相同还是不同的遗传机制进化的，即，是平行进化还是趋同进化？该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为是值得通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。