FOR 1745: International Public Administration. The Emergence and Development of Administrative Patterns and their Effects on International Policy-Making (IPA)

解决气候变化、打击跨国恐怖主义、促进民主实践和人权、防治传染病、稳定金融市场、建立公平的国际贸易规则、引导移民--几乎没有哪一项对我们社会的未来具有重大意义的决定是在没有国际组织参与的情况下做出的。越是需要这些组织来设计和维持提供全球治理的政策解决办法，就越需要关注它们的组织基础，特别是它们的常设行政机构。与任何组织一样，政治组织一旦获得法律的授权，并获得财政和人力资源，它们往往会凭借自己的权利成为行为者。尽管官僚主义可能不是21世纪世纪全球政治的决定性特征，但毫无疑问，自冷战结束以来，国际组织不断被赋予更多的任务。国际行政当局如何处理这些任务，与现代全球治理的运作方式密切相关。在1745研究组议程的第一阶段，国际公共行政（IPAs）显然是影响民族国家以外的决策的关键因素之一。虽然以投资促进机构为重点的研究产出数量不断增加，但仍存在一些重大挑战。从经验上看，文献研究IPA决策影响力的方式存在差距。从理论上讲，行政影响的机制和范围条件各不相同。特别是，几乎没有努力将投资促进机构影响力的研究与投资促进机构行政模式的评估联系起来。这一差距将在第二阶段解决。从特定组织实体的角度看待投资促进机构的决策影响会产生误导。相反，研究股采用了行政治理的视角。研究股的项目从政策领域的角度处理投资促进机构问题，将决策概念化为一个由多个利害关系方互动的动态所形成的专门进程。因此，决策是各行动者之间战略互动的结果，这些行动者在决策制约因素和资源方面有很大差异。从这一共同重点出发，研究股的项目（1）审查行政资源（即，政策领域内投资促进机构可用的政策相关行动管理工具包），以及（2）分析管理战略（即，投资促进机构如何利用其行政工具影响国际决策）。

Resolving climate change, combating transnational terrorism, fostering democratic practices and human rights, fighting contagious diseases, providing stability for financial markets, establishing fair rules for international trade, channeling migration¿few decisions significant for the future of our societies are made without the involvement of international organizations (IOs). The more these organizations are needed to design and sustain policy solutions for providing global governance, the more attention needs to be paid to their organizational foundations, in particular to their permanent administrative bodies. As with any organization, once political organizations are given a legal mandate and provided with financial and personnel resources, they tend to become actors in their own right. Although bureaucracy may not be the defining feature of global politics in the twenty-first century, there is no doubt that since the end of the Cold War, IOs have been delegated continuously more tasks. How international administrations handle these tasks consequential to how modern global governance works. During the first phase of the agenda of Research Unit 1745, it became clear that International Public Administrations (IPAs) are among the key factors affecting policy-making beyond the nation-state. While the number of research outputs focusing on IPAs is growing, several major challenges remain. Empirically, there are gaps in the way the literature has examined IPA policy-making influence. Theoretically, the state of the art is disparate with respect to the mechanisms and scope conditions of administrative influence. In particular, there has been little effort to link research on IPA influence with stocktaking of IPA administrative patterns. This gap will be addressed in the second phase. Addressing IPAs¿ policy-making impact from the perspective of particular organizational entities would be misleading. Instead, the Research Unit applies an administrative governance perspective. Conceptualizing policy-making as a specialized process that is shaped by the dynamics of multiple stakeholder interaction, Research Unit projects address IPAs from the perspective of the policy domain. Policy-making then is a result of strategic interactions among various actors that vary substantially in terms of their policy-making constraints and resources. Originating from this common focus, Research Unit projects (1) examine administrative resources (i.e., the administrative toolkit for policy-related action available to IPAs in a policy domain), and (2) analyze administrative strategies (i.e., how IPAs employ their administrative toolkit to affect international policy-making).