The Arctic Observing Network at Critical Gateways--A Sustained Observing System at Davis Strait

知识价值：该奖项支持在格陵兰西海岸和加拿大巴芬岛东海岸之间的戴维斯海峡进行为期五年的海洋观测。戴维斯海峡观测阵列是美国国家科学基金会北极观测网络（AON）的一部分，该网络支持长期、科学驱动的观测，支持了解北极快速环境系统变化的研究。AON是更广泛的北极环境变化研究（SEARCH）的组成部分。戴维斯海峡观测阵列采用了一个互补的系泊系统、自主滑翔机和基于船舶的水文测量系统，通过可靠的误差估计，在每周到年际的时间尺度上量化水质量变化、体积、液体淡水、热量和冰通量、环境噪声和海洋哺乳动物的存在，并每两年评估一次整合大规模变化的生物地球化学特性。该合同的成功完成将使戴维斯海峡的观测记录延长至10年，这将补充白令海峡和弗拉姆海峡的类似记录，这是北冰洋和亚北极海之间的另一个主要门户。要量化连接北冰洋和亚北冰洋的通量的周期变率和长期变化，并了解北极和亚北极在引导年代际尺度气候变率方面所起的作用，需要10年的长期观测记录。安装在系泊阵列和滑翔机上的水听器将记录海洋哺乳动物的存在。系泊、滑翔机和水文采样同时提供的环境特征将允许在环境变化的背景下评估海洋哺乳动物的可变性。更广泛的影响：在戴维斯海峡获得的数据可以通过项目网站和AON数据存储库CADIS（北极合作数据和信息服务）免费公开地提供给更广泛的科学界。一名女研究生将负责数据处理和质量控制，衍生产品的生成，并参与观察系统设计和优化工作。该项目继续与加拿大贝德福德海洋学研究所以及格陵兰岛的科学家和社区成员合作。戴维斯海峡观测阵列被用作极地海洋观测研究和开发以及向更广泛的海洋科学界转让技术的试验台。在西雅图，主要研究人员将继续参加在西雅图太平洋科学中心举行的极地科学周末活动，并与一个高中职业项目合作。鲸鱼的声音将通过康奈尔大学的麦考利自然声音图书馆提供给广大听众。

Intellectual Merit: This award supports a further five years of ocean observations in Davis Strait between the west coast of Greenland and the east coast of Baffin Island, Canada. The Davis Strait observing array is part of the NSF Arctic Observing Network (AON), which supports long-term, science-driven observing that supports research into understanding rapid environmental system change in the Arctic. AON is a component of the broader Study of Environmental Arctic Change (SEARCH). The Davis Strait observing array employs a complementary system of moorings, autonomous gliders and ship-based hydrographic surveys to quantify, with robust error estimates, water mass variability, volume, liquid freshwater, heat and ice fluxes, ambient noise and marine mammal presence at weekly to inter-annual timescales, with biennial assessment of biogeochemical properties that integrate large-scale change. Successful completion of the award will extend the Davis Strait observational record to 10 years, which will complement similar records at Bering Strait and Fram Strait, the other main gateways between the Arctic Ocean and sub-Arctic seas. Long-term observing records of 10 years duration are required to quantify the cyclic variability and secular change in fluxes connecting the Arctic Ocean and sub-Arctic seas, and understand the role played by the Arctic and sub-Arctic in steering decadal scale climate variability. Hydrophones mounted on the moored array and gliders will document the presence of marine mammals. Concurrent environmental characterization provided by moorings, gliders and hydrographic sampling will allow marine mammal variability to be assessed in the context of environmental change.Broader Impacts: The data obtained at Davis Strait are freely and openly available to the broader scientific community via a project Web site and at CADIS (Cooperative Arctic Data and Information Service), the AON data repository. A female graduate student will be responsible for data processing and quality control, generation of derived products and contributing to observing system design and optimization efforts. The project continues a collaboration with the Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Canada, and scientists and community members in Greenland. The Davis Strait observing array is being used as a test bed for polar ocean observing research and development and technology transfer to the broader ocean science community. In Seattle, the principal investigators will continue to participate in the Polar Science Weekend at the Pacific Science Center, Seattle, and collaborate with a high school vocational program. Whale sounds will be available to a broad audience via the Macauley Library of Natural Sounds at Cornell University.