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Collaborative Research: The Arctic Observing Network - Capturing and Understanding Arctic Change with Renewed Observations at the Davis Strait Gateway

合作研究：北极观测网络 - 通过戴维斯海峡门户的更新观测来捕捉和了解北极变化

基本信息

批准号：
1902595
负责人：
Craig Lee
金额：
$ 366.92万
依托单位：
University of Washington
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-08-01 至 2024-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1902595&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research Arctic Observing Network

项目摘要

Oceanic freshwater and heat exchange between the Arctic and North Atlantic provide critical mechanisms through which the Arctic and global climate interact. Arctic freshwater, from riverine input and melting sea ice, flows southward through the Arctic ?Gateways? to the west (Davis Strait) and east (Fram Strait) of Greenland into the regions of the subpolar North Atlantic where the waters that occupy the deep ocean interior are formed. At these sites, strong wintertime storms cool the upper ocean, making these waters dense enough to cause them to sink to depth, effectively communicating this atmospheric forcing into the ocean interior and driving the equator-to-pole transport of heat. Fresh, buoyant Arctic outflow reduces the density of surface waters in these deepwater formation regions, and thus has the potential to slow the sinking and modulate equator-to-pole heat transport. Changes in Arctic outflow also impact broad North Atlantic circulation patterns and circulation off the Labrador coast, with wide-ranging impacts to ecosystems. Conversely, the northward flow of relatively warm Atlantic waters can supply oceanic heat to melt Greenlandic glaciers where they encounter the ocean, thus accelerating the melting of Greenland ice cap. Uncertainty surrounding the role of oceanic heat in accelerating the melt of Greenland?s glaciers is one of the largest sources of uncertainty in numerical predictions of future sea level rise. The critical role of Arctic-subpolar heat and freshwater exchange motivates renewed efforts to maintain sustained, persistent, measurements across Davis Strait, capturing exchange between the Arctic and subpolar North Atlantic (Labrador Sea) at a choke point at the southern end of Baffin Bay.This project will renew the integrated observational program at Davis Strait, delivering data to the community and matching ongoing collections at Bering Strait, Utqiagvik, Alaska, and Fram Strait to extend the time series of concurrent measurements across the major Arctic Gateways. The extended timeseries will document changes in freshwater and heat fluxes, and will be combined with numerical modeling to investigate the processes that control variability in the strait and the potential impacts. The backbone system relies on the tested combination of moorings instrumented with sensors to measure ice thickness and motion, ocean currents, temperature and salinity, and biennial ship-based sampling of chemical and biological properties that have successfully delivered core measurements for the past decade. Bottom pressure sensors augment the system to quantify sea surface height gradients, which will support investigations of the primary forcing mechanisms. Integrated marine ecosystem observing includes biogeochemical and marine mammal passive acoustic measurements augmented with tracking of key fish species, and zooplankton and phytoplankton observations. These observations will launch the Davis Strait/Baffin Bay Distributed Biological Observatory (DBO) in Davis Strait, complementing the developing Atlantic DBO that includes transect lines in Fram Strait and Barents Sea, and the existing Pacific DBO in the northern Bering, Chukchi and Beaufort Seas.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

北极和北大西洋之间的海洋淡水和热交换提供了北极与全球气候相互作用的关键机制。北极淡水来自河流输入和融化的海冰，通过北极“门户”向南流动。格陵兰岛以西（戴维斯海峡）和以东（弗拉姆海峡）进入北大西洋副极地区域，在那里形成了占据深海内部的水域。在这些地点，强烈的冬季风暴使上层海洋冷却，使这些水域的密度足以导致它们下沉到深处，有效地将这种大气强迫传递到海洋内部并驱动赤道到极地的热量传输。新鲜、活跃的北极流出物降低了这些深水形成区域的地表水的密度，因此有可能减缓下沉并调节赤道到极地的热传输。北极流出量的变化还影响广泛的北大西洋环流模式和拉布拉多海岸附近的环流，对生态系统产生广泛的影响。相反，相对温暖的大西洋海水向北流动可以提供海洋热量，使与海洋接触的格陵兰冰川融化，从而加速格陵兰冰盖的融化。围绕海洋热量加速格陵兰岛冰川融化的作用的不确定性是未来海平面上升数值预测的最大不确定性来源之一。北极-次极地热量和淡水交换的关键作用促使人们重新努力维持戴维斯海峡的持续、持久的测量，在巴芬湾南端的一个咽喉点捕获北极和次极地北大西洋（拉布拉多海）之间的交换。该项目将更新戴维斯海峡的综合观测计划，向社区提供数据并与白令正在进行的收集相匹配海峡、乌特恰格维克海峡、阿拉斯加和弗拉姆海峡，以扩展跨主要北极门户的并行测量时间序列。扩展的时间序列将记录淡水和热通量的变化，并将与数值模型相结合，以研究控制海峡变化的过程及其潜在影响。骨干系统依赖于经过测试的系泊装置组合，这些系泊装置配备了传感器来测量冰的厚度和运动、洋流、温度和盐度，以及每两年一次的化学和生物特性船基采样，这些采样在过去十年中已成功提供了核心测量。底部压力传感器增强了系统以量化海面高度梯度，这将支持主要强迫机制的研究。综合海洋生态系统观测包括生物地球化学和海洋哺乳动物被动声学测量，并通过对主要鱼类的跟踪以及浮游动物和浮游植物观测进行增强。这些观测将在戴维斯海峡启动戴维斯海峡/巴芬湾分布式生物观测站 (DBO)，补充正在发展的大西洋 DBO（包括弗拉姆海峡和巴伦支海的横断线）以及现有的白令海北部、楚科奇海和波弗特海的太平洋 DBO。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力和知识进行评估，被认为值得支持。更广泛的影响审查标准。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（5）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Emerging Technologies and Approaches for In Situ, Autonomous Observing in the Arctic

北极原位自主观测的新兴技术和方法

DOI：
10.5670/oceanog.2022.127
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
Oceanography
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Lee, Craig;DeGrandpre, Michael;Guthrie, John;Hill, Victoria;Kwok, Ron;Morison, James;Cox, Christopher;Singh, Hanumant;Stanton, Timothy;Wilkinson, Jeremy
通讯作者：
Wilkinson, Jeremy

Anthropogenic litter in marine waters and coastlines of Arctic Canada and West Greenland

DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146971
发表时间：
2021-04-14
期刊：
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
影响因子：
9.8
作者：
Mallory, Mark L.;Baak, Julia;Provencher, Jennifer F.
通讯作者：
Provencher, Jennifer F.

Extreme high Greenland Blocking Index leads to the reversal of Davis and Nares Strait net transport toward the Arctic Ocean

格陵兰阻塞指数极高导致戴维斯和纳雷斯海峡净运输转向北冰洋

DOI：
10.1029/2021gl094178
发表时间：
2021
期刊：
Geophysical research letters
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Myers, P.G.;de la Guardia, L. C.;Fu, C.;Gilliard, L.C.;Grivault, N.;Hu, X.;Lee, C.M.;Moore, G.W.K.;Pennely, C.;Ribergaard, M.H.
通讯作者：
Ribergaard, M.H.

Seasonal vessel activity risk to seabirds in waters off Baffin Island, Canada

加拿大巴芬岛附近海域的季节性船只活动对海鸟构成风险

DOI：
10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2018.07.004
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
Ocean & Coastal Management
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Wong, Sarah N.P.;Gjerdrum, Carina;Gilchrist, H. Grant;Mallory, Mark L.
通讯作者：
Mallory, Mark L.

A Review of Arctic–Subarctic Ocean Linkages: Past Changes, Mechanisms, and Future Projections

北极与亚北极海洋联系回顾：过去的变化、机制和未来预测

DOI：
10.34133/olar.0013
发表时间：
2023
期刊：
Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Research
影响因子：
0
作者：
Wang, Qiang;Shu, Qi;Wang, Shizhu;Beszczynska-Moeller, Agnieszka;Danilov, Sergey;Steur, Laura;Haine, Thomas W.;Karcher, Michael;Lee, Craig M.;Myers, Paul G.
通讯作者：
Myers, Paul G.