Doctoral Dissertation Improvement: Moche Sociopolitical Organization from a Mid-Sized Center in the Chicama Valley, Peru

在杰弗里·奎尔特博士的指导下，米歇尔·昆斯女士将从一个以前未曾研究过的莫切聚落体系的角度来研究秘鲁莫切考古文化(公元100-800年)的社会政治性质：一个中等规模的中心。曾经被认为是一个统一的国家，现在被理解为至少在两个主要的发展地区：北部和南部由不同的定居点组成。然而，学者们只是即将了解这个社会是如何运作的，以及不同的定居点是如何在区域上整合起来形成物质上公认的莫切人的。到目前为止，关于莫切的大部分数据都来自于最大的遗址、聚落模式调查和未经证实的精品陶瓷。规模较小的仪式中心的作用几乎没有受到关注。昆斯将考察中等规模的利卡帕二世遗址。这将是第一次从这个关键但未被研究的角度来研究莫切人的社会政治性质、经济基础和意识形态战略。昆斯将比较利卡帕二世在建筑和陶瓷方面的异同，以及来自El Brujo和Huacas de Moche大型遗址的数据，以及存在此类数据的其他Moche中心的数据。对这两个数据集的评估将有助于确定LICAPA II是依赖于大型中心，是一个独立的中心，还是更大、更具流动性的地点网络的一部分。这项研究涉及人类学中的一个基本问题：复杂社会的起源。它将通过研究莫奇中心之间的动态来评估地缘政治景观的性质，从而实现这一点。基于仅从最富有和最大的遗址获得的信息来重建文化，例如莫切人，极大地偏离了人们对它们的看法。为了更全面地了解社会是如何运作的，需要把更多的注意力放在中小型网站上。对利卡帕二世中型遗址的挖掘和分析将提供一个基础，以了解大型莫切中心现有的丰富信息，并评估莫切是否应被视为一个国家、一系列独立的相互作用的政体，或是否以某种其他方式组织起来。该项目将培训哈佛大学和特鲁希略国家大学的学生。秘鲁马格达莱纳·德曹和圣何塞·德莫罗的乔科普社区的成员将受雇到现场工作，帮助清理文物。为了扩大社区的影响，昆斯向当地学童做了演讲，并与秘鲁环查科的文化中心安排就工作成果进行公开演讲。她还计划在PUCP与其他秘鲁青年学者组织一次研讨会，向学术界和公众传播信息。实地调查的结果和为本论文收集的信息分析将发表在学术期刊上。论文还将在美国的会议上发表，例如SaaS和东北安第斯会议。最后，应该指出的是，昆斯计划在论文项目结束后继续在LICAPA II工作，以进一步说明这一重要的莫奇中心的作用。

Under the supervision of Dr. Jeffrey Quilter, Ms. Michele Koons will examine the sociopolitical nature of the Moche archaeological culture (C.E. 100-800) of Peru from a previously unstudied perspective of the Moche settlement hierarchy: a mid-sized center. Once considered a unified state, Moche is now understood as consisting of diverse settlements in at least two major regions of development: the north and south. However, scholars are only at the brink of understanding how the society functioned and how the diverse settlements were regionally integrated to form what is materially recognized as Moche. Up until now, the majority of the data on the Moche has been derived from the largest sites, settlement pattern surveys, and unprovenienced fine ware ceramics. The role of smaller ceremonial centers has received little attention. Koons will examine the mid-sized site of Licapa II. This will be the first study to address the sociopolitical nature, economic base, and ideological strategies of the Moche from this crucial, yet understudied perspective. Koons will compare similarities and differences in architecture and ceramics from Licapa II to data from the large sites of El Brujo and Huacas de Moche, and other Moche centers for which such data exist. An evaluation of these two datasets will help determine if Licapa II was dependent on the large centers, was an independent center, or was part of a larger, more fluid network of sites.This study engages with a fundamental question in Anthropology: the origins of complex societies. It will do this by evaluating the nature of geopolitical landscapes by examining the dynamics between Moche centers. Reconstructing cultures, such as the Moche, based on information obtained from only the wealthiest and largest sites greatly biases the way in which they are perceived. In order to obtain a more holistic picture of how Moche society operated more attention needs to be focused on intermediate and small sites. The excavation and analysis of the mid-sized site of Licapa II will provide a basis to contextualize the wealth of information available on large Moche centers and evaluate whether or not Moche should be considered a state, a series of independent interacting polities, or if it was organized in some other manner. This project will train students from Harvard University and the Universidad Naciónal de Trujillo. Members of the communities of Chocope, Magdalena de Cao, and San Jose de Moro, Peru will be hired to work in the field and help with the cleaning of the artifacts. In an effort for community out reach, Koons has given presentations to local school children and has made arrangements with the cultural center in Huanchaco, Peru to give public presentations on the outcome of the work. She also plans to organize a symposium at PUCP with other young Peruvian scholars to disseminate the information to the scholarly community and the public. The results of the fieldwork and analysis of information collected for this dissertation will be published in scholarly journals. Papers will also be given at conferences in the US, such as the SAAs and Northeast Andean meeting. Finally, it should be noted that Koons plans to continue work at Licapa II after the termination of the dissertation project to further contextualize the role of this important Moche center.