EFRI-SEED: Energy Minimization via Multi-Scaler Architectures From Cell Contractility to Sensing Materials to Adaptive Building Skins

这个EFRI-SEED项目的目标是基于对几何定义的底物上的非线性、动态的人类细胞行为的理解，探索从纳米到宏观尺度的实质性。对于细胞如何以最小的能量和最大的效果改变其直接的细胞外基质(ECM)微环境的见解将导致高度美学的、被动的材料以及传感器和成像器的仿生设计和工程，这些材料将被集成到建筑规模的响应性建筑皮肤中。PI将(1)使用建筑和计算算法来指导具有通用一维到三维几何图案的软衬底的设计和制造；(2)定量测量和实时可视化人体肺动脉血管平滑肌细胞如何相互作用收缩或松弛这些衬底以改变衬底几何形状；(3)重新部署建筑和算法工具，并对非线性细胞行为导致的图案和材料操纵进行建模和模拟，以将这种精细的设计生态转移到自适应建筑皮肤的宏观设计；(4)将所理解的知识应用于对环境因素(例如，热、湿度和光)作出响应的材料和几何形状的优化设计；(5)利用cmos和纳米技术设计仿生传感器和控制系统；以及(6)将概念从纳米和微米尺度的建模、材料操纵和设备集成转变为在建筑和人类尺度上响应的、但被动的建筑皮肤的设计。该项目通过将建筑设计工作室与基于实验室的科学研究相融合，代表了一种独特的可持续设计的前卫模式。这项计划将创造一个重要机会，激发市民对科学、技术、工程及数学(STEM)的兴趣，从而激发他们的兴趣。这项工作将为在高度整合的研究和教育环境中招收和培训各级学生提供一个有效的工具。研究成果将通过：(1)(Bi)每周在宾夕法尼亚大学举行的粉笔讲座和教师务虚会、大西洋中部地区的年度研讨会以及国家会议和研讨会；(2)LabStudio的网站，以了解该项目在细胞科学、可视化技术、材料、制造和计算建模框架方面的新发现；(3)通过Lab-to-Market论坛和LabStudio宣传这项技术，以吸引业界的兴趣，以及(4)在国际展览上安装研究成果的建筑模型。这项研究包含新的和协同的活动，包括：(1)病理学和实验医学中的细胞纳米和微观力学研究(医学院，SOM)；(2)材料科学和工程中的材料制造和表征(MSE；应用科学与工程学院，SEA)；(3)建筑设计和研究实验室中的建筑设计、计算建模、模拟和数字制造(设计学院，SOD)和电气与放大系统工程(ESE；支持该项目的2010财年EFRI-SEED主题由美国国家科学基金会(NSF)工程(ENG)、数学和物理科学(MPS)和社会、行为和经济科学(SBE)以及计算机与信息科学与工程(Computer&Amp；Information Science and Engineering)与美国能源部(DOE)和美国环境保护局(EPA)合作发起。

The objective of this EFRI-SEED project is to explore materiality from nano- to macroscales based upon understanding of nonlinear, dynamic human cell behaviors on geometrically-defined substrates. The insights as to how cells can modify their immediate extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment with minimal energy and maximal effect will lead to the biomimetic design and engineering of highly aesthetic, passive materials, and sensors and imagers that will be integrated into responsive building skins at the architectural scale. The PIs will (1) use architectural and computational algorithms to guide the design and fabrication of soft substrates with generic 1-D to 3-D geometrical patterns; (2) quantitatively measure and visualize in real-time how human pulmonary artery vascular smooth muscle cells, that interact to contract or relax these substrates to modify substrate geometry; (3) redeploy architectural and algorithmic tools, and model and simulate pattern and material manipulation resulting from nonlinear cellular behaviors so as to transfer this fine-scale design ecology to the macro-scale design of adaptive building skins; (4) apply the understanding to optimal design of materials and geometries that are responsive to environmental factors (e.g. heat, humidity and light); (5) design biomimetic sensors and control systems using CMOS and nanotechnology, and (6) transform the concept from modeling, materials manipulation, and device integration at the nano- and microscales to the design of responsive, yet passive building skins at the architectural and human scale. This project represents a unique avant garde model for sustainable design via the fusion of the architectural design studio with laboratory-based scientific research. In turn, this will benefit a diverse range of science and technologies, including the construction of energy efficient and aesthetic building skins and materials.The project will create a significant opportunity to excite the general public, thereby provoking and engaging their interest in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM). This work will offer an effective tool to recruit and train students at all levels in a highly-integrated research and educational environment. The research results will be disseminated through: (1) (bi)weekly chalk talks and faculty retreats at Penn, annual workshops at the Mid-Atlantic region, and national conferences and workshops; (2) The website of LabStudio for new discoveries in cell science, visualization techniques, materials, fabrication, and computational modeling frameworks developed from this project; (3) Advertising the technology through the Lab-to-Market Forum and LabStudio to attract industrial interest, and (4) Installation of architectural models resulted from the research at international exhibitions. The research contains novel and synergistic activities, including: (1) the study of cellular nano- and micro-mechanics in Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (School of Medicine, SOM); (2) materials fabrication and characterization in Materials Science and Engineering (MSE; School of Applied Science & Engineering, SEAS); (3) architectural design, computational modeling, simulation and digital fabrication in design and research labs in Architecture (School of Design, SOD) and Electrical & Systems Engineering (ESE; SEAS) respectively, and (4) device fabrication and integration in labs in ESE.The FY 2010 EFRI-SEED Topic that supports this project was sponsored by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) Directorates for Engineering (ENG), Mathematical and Physical Sciences (MPS) and Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences (SBE), and Computer & Information Science and Engineering in collaboration with the US Department of Energy (DOE) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).