EFRI-SEED: Design for Autonomous Net-Zero Water Buildings

EFRI-SEED：自主净零水建筑设计

• 批准号: 1038257
• 负责人: James Englehardt
• 金额: $ 200万
• 依托单位: University of Miami
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-15 至 2019-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1038257&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: EFRI; SEED; Design; Autonomous; Net

The objective of this EFRI-SEED project is to develop principles for the design of net-zero water buildings, off the water grid. These principles represent a paradigm shift from centralized reduction of oxygen demand, to energy-minimal conveyance and permanent destruction of pharmaceuticals, responsive to technological evolution. Three knowledge barriers are addressed: sustainable treatment system scaling and design; sociocultural and architectural acceptance; and real-time risk assessment. Concepts for system scaling will mimic energy minimal allometric scaling relationships in biological circulatory systems. New energy-minimal electrocatalytic treatment for effective destruction of pharmaceuticals will be advanced. Energy-intensive reverse osmosis (RO) treatment will be avoided through cistern drinking and make-up water, low-flow adaptation of new cloth filtration technology, and metallic iron-mediated filtration. To surmount acceptance barriers, behavioral simulations, interviews, and focus groups will first identify individual and group barriers to adoption and then test approaches for improving sociocultural acceptability. Design components including cisterns, residuals storage, annual maintenance, and natural water releases will be considered within the theoretical framework of New Urbanist architecture. Methods of evidence fusion will be developed for machine-learned assessment of in-vitro toxicity from fluorescence spectra, to advance real-time risk monitoring and to ensure system safety.System design concepts will directly address the energetics of water and wastewater conveyance, representing 15% of U.S. electric power generation, and leverage emerging capability for automated treatment, monitoring, and decentralized operation and maintenance. De facto reuse of surface water consisting largely of treated wastewater would be replaced with explicitly engineered control. Water rationing, and treatment of hardness, arsenic, and boron, and other geologic impurities, would be largely obviated. Treatment would be designed to routinely, permanently destroy pharmaceuticals, addressing widespread biotic feminization. Benefits will propagate through the engagement of a new generation in their future, immersed by living in a dedicated, cross-disciplinary, undergraduate ~20-bed retrofitted dorm unit with design input by students. Well-represented Caribbean and Latin student populations will continue to be involved along with participating agencies and industry partners, for immersion in terms of research, industrial partnerships, public tours, and 1-2 high school student projects (MAST Academy). A Capstone Net-Zero Water Workshop will include regulators, consulting firms, students, and faculty.The FY 2010 EFRI-SEED Topic that supports this project was sponsored by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) Directorates for Engineering (ENG), Mathematical and Physical Sciences (MPS) and Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences (SBE), and Computer & Information Science and Engineering in collaboration with the US Department of Energy (DOE) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

该 EFRI-SEED 项目的目标是制定离水网净零水建筑的设计原则。这些原则代表了从集中减少需氧量到最低能量输送和永久销毁药品的范式转变，以适应技术的发展。解决了三个知识障碍：可持续处理系统的规模和设计；社会文化和建筑接受度；和实时风险评估。系统缩放的概念将模仿生物循环系统中的能量最小异速缩放关系。将推进有效销毁药物的新能源最小化电催化处理。通过水箱饮用水和补充水、低流量的新型布过滤技术以及金属铁介导的过滤，将避免能源密集型反渗透（RO）处理。为了克服接受障碍，行为模拟、访谈和焦点小组将首先确定个人和群体的采用障碍，然后测试提高社会文化可接受性的方法。包括蓄水池、残余物储存、年度维护和自然排水在内的设计组件将在新都市主义建筑的理论框架内予以考虑。将开发证据融合方法，用于通过荧光光谱对体外毒性进行机器学习评估，以推进实时风险监测并确保系统安全。系统设计概念将直接解决占美国发电量 15% 的水和废水输送的能量学问题，并利用新兴的自动化处理、监控和分散运营和维护能力。事实上，主要由处理后的废水组成的地表水的再利用将被明确的工程控制所取代。水的配给以及对硬度、砷、硼和其他地质杂质的处理将在很大程度上被避免。治疗的目的是定期、永久地销毁药品，解决广泛存在的生物女性化问题。好处将通过新一代的未来参与而传播，他们将沉浸在由学生设计的专用、跨学科、本科生约 20 个床位的改造宿舍单元中的生活中。 具有代表性的加勒比和拉丁学生群体将继续与参与机构和行业合作伙伴一起参与，沉浸在研究、行业合作、公共旅游和 1-2 个高中生项目（MAST 学院）中。 Capstone 净零水研讨会将包括监管机构、咨询公司、学生和教师。支持该项目的 2010 财年 EFRI-SEED 主题由美国国家科学基金会 (NSF) 工程 (ENG)、数学和物理科学 (MPS) 以及社会、行为和经济科学 (SBE) 以及计算机和信息科学与工程理事会与美国能源部 (DOE) 和美国能源部 (DOE) 合作赞助。 美国环境保护署 (EPA)。