Collaborative Research: Halogen Activation and Multiphase Chemical Processing in the Continental Boundary Layer

合作研究：大陆边界层中的卤素活化和多相化学处理

• 批准号: 1041187
• 负责人: William Keene
• 金额: $ 31.69万
• 依托单位: University of Virginia Main Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-02-01 至 2014-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1041187&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Halogen; Activation; Multiphase

The multiphasic chemistry of halogens is known to be involved in a range of chemical interactions in the atmosphere ranging from the O3 cycle, oxidation of hydrocarbons and reduced sulphur compounds, the odd nitrogen and oxygen (HOx and NOx) cycles, as well as involvement in aerosol nucleation, growth and heterogeneous chemical paths. Active halogen reactivity is frequently associated with coastal or marine zones, reflecting the abundance of oceanic halide sources found there. Recent nocturnal observations of the reactivity of a chlorine atom precursor, nitryl chloride (ClNO2) has seemed to predict a surprising continental presence of this pathway, which potentially has implications to our understanding of the global impact of halogens on several of the above species in non-marine settings. Nocturnal ClNO2 arises from the reactivity of N2O5 on particulate chloride, which brings into question how well continental chloride sources including industrial activity, biomass burning, and the transport of wind blown mineral dust are really known.Several aspects of the above suspected chlorine activation pathways remain to be investigated. This investigation involves a number of university researchers joining with NOAA (ESRL) colleagues on additional characterization of halogen reactivity pathways in continental air masses. Overarching issues to be investigated include: i) quantitative evaluation of halogen photochemical processes in continental air, ii) mechanistic study of the generation and recycling of active halogen chemistry in nocturnal continental air.This research has implications for air quality, the natural cycle of halogens in the atmsphere and the oxidative capacity of the air we breathe.

已知卤素的多相化学涉及大气中的一系列化学相互作用，范围从O3循环、烃和还原硫化合物的氧化、奇数氮和氧（HOx和NOx）循环，以及涉及气溶胶成核、生长和非均相化学路径。活性卤素反应性通常与沿海或海洋区域有关，反映了那里发现的海洋卤化物源的丰富性。最近夜间观察的反应性的氯原子前体，硝基氯（ClNO2）似乎预测了一个令人惊讶的大陆存在的这一途径，这可能会影响到我们的理解的全球影响卤素对几个上述物种在非海洋环境。夜间ClNO2产生于N2O5对颗粒氯化物的反应性，这就带来了一个问题，如何以及大陆氯化物来源，包括工业活动，生物质燃烧，以及风吹矿物粉尘的运输是真正know.Several方面的上述可疑的氯活化途径仍有待调查。这项调查涉及一些大学研究人员与NOAA（ESRL）的同事一起对大陆气团中卤素反应途径进行额外表征。研究的主要问题包括：i）大陆空气中卤素光化学过程的定量评价，ii）夜间大陆空气中活性卤素化学的产生和再循环的机理研究，这项研究对空气质量、大气中卤素的自然循环和我们呼吸的空气的氧化能力有意义。