Collaborative Research: Measurements of Selected Combustion Emissions in Nepal and Bhutan Integrated with Source Apportionment and Chemical Transport Modeling for South Asia

这项工作的重点是更好地量化尼泊尔和不丹燃烧源产生的具有全球意义的气溶胶和微量气体的排放量。目前，关于砖窑、垃圾焚烧和烹饪火灾等来源排放的信息很少。这项研究的更广泛影响包括更好地了解南亚排放对全球气体和气溶胶负担的贡献，这对预测区域空气质量和全球气候变化十分重要。这项工作是美国、尼泊尔、不丹、德国和意大利在南亚研究大气化学的更大国际努力的一部分。需要量化的化学物种包括：PM2.5(空气动力学直径小于2.5米的颗粒)、元素碳和有机碳、被黑碳和棕色碳吸收、烟雾标志物、一套颗粒相金属和离子、二氧化碳、CO、CH4、90多种不同的非甲烷有机气体、SO2、NOx、NH3、HCN、乙腈以及许多其他类型的气溶胶和痕量气体。这些测量将补充正在进行的区域监测活动，以满足更好地确定来源的迫切需要。研究结果将有助于评估南亚燃烧源在影响当地、区域和全球范围内的空气质量和气候方面的相对重要性。

This effort is focused on better quantifying the emissions of aerosols and trace gases of global significance from combustion sources in Nepal and Bhutan. Very little information currently exists on emissions from sources such as brick kilns, garbage burning, and cooking fires. The broader impacts of this research include the development of a better understanding of the contribution of emissions from South Asia to the global burden of gases and aerosol important for predicting regional air quality and global climate change. This work is part of a larger international effort between the US, Nepal, Bhutan, Germany, and Italy to study atmospheric chemistry in South Asia. Chemical species to be quantified include: PM2.5 (particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm), elemental and organic carbon, absorption by black and brown carbon, smoke markers, a suite of particle-phase metals and ions, CO2, CO, CH4, more than 90 diverse non-methane organic gases, SO2, NOx, NH3, HCN, acetonitrile, and many other types of aerosol and trace gases. The measurements will complement ongoing regional monitoring activities by filling a critical need for better source characterization. The results will help to assess the relative importance of South Asian combustion sources in influencing air quality and climate on a local, regional, and global scale.