CAMEO: Collaborative research -- Fish productivity and fishing impacts compared across a range of marine ecosystems

CAMEO：合作研究——对一系列海洋生态系统的鱼类生产力和捕捞影响进行比较

• 批准号: 1041570
• 负责人: Ray Hilborn
• 金额: $ 30.95万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-08-15 至 2014-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1041570&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAMEO; Collaborative; research; Fish; productivity

Understanding the complex dynamics controlling marine ecosystem structure and productivity is challenging given the large spatial and temporal scales over which these dynamics occur. A new global database including fisheries stock assessments, research surveys, and ecosystem models has been assembled covering 13 Large Marine Ecosystems. Using these, it is possible to investigate themes directly related to the ecosystem approach to fisheries: (1 the interaction of productivity across fish stocks in ecosystems and the response to fishing pressure, (2 how the trade-off between sustainable yield and ecosystem impacts can be minimized, and (3 analysis of rebuilding rates in over-exploited marine fish stocks, and biological and management drivers of the differential performance of different stocks. There is a central hypothesis associated with each theme: (1 fishing affects the distribution of productivity within the ecosystem but not the total amount, (2 there are irreducible interactions in fishing mortality such that minimizing depletion of less productive stocks will always involve loss of potential yield of more productive stocks and (3 heavily exploited stocks show depensatory responses and rebuild more slowly than assumed in normal compensatory population models. The investigators will conduct analyses across species and ecosystems to determine: mean ecosystem trophic level changes according to catch, survey and stock assessment data and whether the trophic level of catch reflects changes in the ecosystem; correlations in productivity amongst species, trophic levels and functional groups; shifts in community structure from trawl surveys; the extent to which environmental changes or fishing impacts drive productivity; depensation in recruitment and surplus production; the extent of lost yield due to overfishing; catch and assessment data as metrics of ecosystem status; correlations in historical fishing pressure across species, trophic levels and functional groups; the extent to which correlations in fishing pressure can be reduced by spatial management, individual incentives such as catch shares, and changes in fishing technology; rebuilding rates in over-exploited stocks; biological and management drivers of recovery; and management responses to stock over-exploitation. These analyses address fundamental questions of significant intellectual merit about population dynamics, ecosystem structure and productivity, as well as ecosystem interaction and human response. Most of this project addresses indices of ecosystem status and understanding the tradeoff between sustainable yield and ecosystem impacts. This will have broad impacts because understanding trade-offs is the most important challenge in ecosystem based management and will have direct application to formulation of the ecosystem approach to fisheries management. In addition to outreach through journal articles, the investigators plan on writing a series of papers in general interest journals on the impacts of fishing on ecosystems and stocks, as well as ongoing policy outreach through legislative staff and media.

鉴于控制海洋生态系统结构和生产力的复杂动态具有很大的时空尺度，理解这些动态是具有挑战性的。一个新的全球数据库包括渔业种群评估、研究调查和生态系统模型，涵盖13个大型海洋生态系统。利用这些资料，可以调查与渔业生态系统办法直接相关的主题：(1)生态系统中鱼类种群之间生产力的相互作用和对捕捞压力的反应，(2)如何最大限度地减少可持续产量和生态系统影响之间的权衡，以及(3)过度捕捞海洋鱼类种群的重建率分析，以及不同种群不同表现的生物和管理驱动因素。每一主题都有一个中心假设：(1)捕捞影响生态系统内生产力的分布，但不影响总数量，(2)捕捞死亡率存在不可减少的相互作用，最大限度地减少较低生产力种群的枯竭总是涉及较多产种群的潜在产量损失，(3)高度捕捞种群表现出减损反应，重建速度比正常补偿种群模型中的假设更慢。调查者将对物种和生态系统进行分析，以确定：根据渔获量、调查和种群评估数据的平均生态系统营养级变化，以及渔获量的营养级是否反映生态系统的变化；物种、营养级和功能组之间的生产力相关性；拖网调查引起的群落结构变化；环境变化或捕捞影响推动生产力的程度；捕捞和过剩产量的减少；过度捕捞造成的产量损失程度；作为生态系统状况衡量标准的渔获量和评估数据；跨物种、营养级和功能组的历史捕捞压力的相关性；空间管理、渔获量份额等个人激励措施和捕捞技术的变化；过度捕捞种群的重建率；恢复的生物和管理驱动因素；以及管理部门对种群过度捕捞的应对措施，可在多大程度上减少捕捞压力的相关性。这些分析涉及关于种群动态、生态系统结构和生产力以及生态系统相互作用和人类反应等具有重大智力价值的基本问题。该项目的大部分内容涉及生态系统状况的指数，并了解可持续产量和生态系统影响之间的权衡。这将产生广泛影响，因为了解权衡取舍是基于生态系统的管理中最重要的挑战，并将直接应用于制定渔业管理的生态系统办法。除了通过期刊文章进行宣传外，调查人员还计划就捕捞对生态系统和种群的影响以及通过立法工作人员和媒体正在进行的政策宣传撰写一系列关于渔业对生态系统和种群的影响的普遍关注期刊论文。