Collaborative Research: CAMEO: Comparative analyses of natural and human influences on coral reef community structure, diversity, and resilience

合作研究：CAMEO：自然和人类对珊瑚礁群落结构、多样性和恢复力影响的比较分析

• 批准号: 1041705
• 负责人: Stephanie Hampton
• 金额: $ 4.16万
• 依托单位: University of California-Santa Barbara
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-08-01 至 2013-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1041705&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; CAMEO; Comparative; analyses

Coral reefs are among the most diverse and productive marine ecosystems, but are also among the most threatened by human activities. At the local scale, fishing and land-based sources of pollution can directly alter the structure of reef communities, and at the global scale, the effects of climate change and ocean acidification are expected to impose episodic and chronic stresses to even the most remote reefs. To most effectively implement ecosystem approaches to the management of coral reefs, it is critical to understand the pathway by which reef health is degraded and the functional consequences of these changes. The Pacific Islands region forms the nation's largest management area, and includes many of the most biologically diverse and pristine coral reef ecosystems. Monitoring programs within NOAA provide a time series of methodologically consistent data with which to use comparative approaches to address fundamental questions of the role of ecosystem organization and structure in maintaining ecosystem resilience. The sampling design spans across space, time and multiple gradients of anthropogenic disturbance allowing for replicated tests of the effects of local versus global stressors on the current status and recovery of these systems from human disturbances. Analysis of these data will provide an unprecedented view of how anthropogenic activities affect coral reef community structure, diversity, and dynamics in the U.S. Pacific. These will focus on coral reef community structure, diversity, and ecosystem resilience to 1) document the status and variability of U.S. Pacific coral reef community structure; 2) advance understanding of the complex dynamics controlling coral reef ecosystems; and 3) develop effective density- and diversity-based indicators of reef ecosystem health. A collaboration between Scripps Institution of Oceanography and NOAA will provide skills and resources to conduct comparative analyses and syntheses of some of the most unique, taxonomically thorough and geographically extensive data from coral reefs of the U.S. The investigators will integrate existing Pacific interdisciplinary ecosystem observations, including habitat, biological, physical, and biogeochemical data, with newly collected socioeconomic data using a tailored suite of statistical approaches.In addition to outreach through a series of primary publications, results will have broad impacts through training of graduate and undergraduate students as well as communication with governmental, non-profit, and academic coral reef interest groups, providing specific recommendations to increase the efficacy of management policies and practices. By investigating patterns of similarity and difference among geographic regions, region-specific scientific advice will be provided to improve management efficacy at local, regional, and national levels. Results will also be directly incorporated into comprehensive Coral Reef Ecosystem Monitoring Reports for each U.S. Pacific Islands region that are aimed specifically at resource managers to facilitate implementation of ecosystem approaches in regional management plans.

珊瑚礁是最多样化和最具生产力的海洋生态系统之一，但也是受人类活动威胁最大的海洋生态系统之一。在地方范围内，捕鱼和陆地污染源可以直接改变珊瑚礁群落的结构，而在全球范围内，气候变化和海洋酸化的影响预计会对即使是最偏远的珊瑚礁造成间歇性和慢性的压力。为了最有效地实施生态系统方法来管理珊瑚礁，了解珊瑚礁健康退化的途径以及这些变化的功能后果至关重要。太平洋岛屿地区形成了美国最大的管理区，包括许多最具生物多样性和原始珊瑚礁生态系统。美国国家海洋和大气管理局的监测项目提供了一系列方法上一致的数据，利用这些数据，可以用比较的方法来解决生态系统组织和结构在维持生态系统恢复力方面的作用的基本问题。采样设计跨越了空间、时间和人为干扰的多个梯度，允许重复测试局部和全局压力源对这些系统的当前状态和从人为干扰中恢复的影响。对这些数据的分析将为人类活动如何影响美国太平洋珊瑚礁群落结构、多样性和动态提供前所未有的视角。这些将集中在珊瑚礁群落结构、多样性和生态系统恢复力上，以1)记录美国太平洋珊瑚礁群落结构的现状和变异性；2)进一步了解控制珊瑚礁生态系统的复杂动力学；3)建立基于密度和多样性的有效珊瑚礁生态系统健康指标。斯克里普斯海洋学研究所和美国国家海洋和大气管理局之间的合作将提供技能和资源，对来自美国珊瑚礁的一些最独特的、分类学上彻底的和地理上广泛的数据进行比较分析和综合。调查人员将整合现有的太平洋跨学科生态系统观测，包括栖息地、生物、物理和生物地球化学数据。使用一套量身定制的统计方法新收集的社会经济数据。除了通过一系列主要出版物进行推广外，研究结果还将通过对研究生和本科生的培训以及与政府、非营利组织和学术珊瑚礁利益团体的沟通产生广泛影响，提供具体建议以提高管理政策和做法的效力。通过调查地理区域之间的相似和差异模式，将提供具体区域的科学咨询意见，以提高地方、区域和国家各级的管理效率。研究结果还将直接纳入美国各太平洋岛屿地区全面的珊瑚礁生态系统监测报告，该报告专门针对资源管理者，以促进在区域管理计划中实施生态系统方法。