RAPID: Assessment of the impacts of the Deep Horizon oil spill on Bluecrab, Callinectes sapidus, spawning and recruitment in the northcentral Gulf of Mexico.

RAPID:评估深地平线漏油事件对墨西哥湾中北部蓝蟹、Callinectes sapidus 产卵和补充的影响。

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    1044368
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 13.31万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2010
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2010-07-01 至 2012-06-30
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

Intellectual Merit:On April 20, 2010 the Deepwater Horizon oil drilling platform (DWH) exploded in the Gulf of Mexico causing a massive oil spill that has continued to date, largely unabated. The scale of this oil spill, as well as the application of chemical dispersants to control it, is unprecedented; and its ecological impacts on the Gulf of Mexico are completely unknown. One issue of particular concern is the effect of surface oil slicks on the mortality rate of pelagic larvae of important fish and invertebrates, such as the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus. Blue crabs spawn in coastal waters, but larvae move offshore into the open marine environment where they pass through several larval stages before migrating back into the nearshore zone as megalopae to transform into juvenile crabs and settle into coastal marsh habitat. The pelagic larvae stages (i.e., zoea) are very sensitive to environmental stress and exposure to surface oil slicks and dispersant are highly likely to result in wide-spread mortality of blue crab larvae present. The location and size of the DpH oil slick currently in the northern Gulf of Mexico makes it highly likely that blue crab zoea will be exposed to either oil, dispersant or both and the objective of this RAPID project is to examine the impact of the DWH oil spill on blue crab settlement rates in coastal estuaries.Dr. Fulford and colleagues will measure the settlement rates of blue crab megalopae along the Mississippi coast and compare settlement in 2010 to historical patterns of settlement at the same sites. In addition, a predictive hydrodynamic model will be used to correct observed settlement for hydrodynamic forcing so that settlement rates in 2010 can be compared to historical patterns with a focus on changes in larval mortality rather than larval dispersal. The project will also make use of blue crab zoea and megalopae from the Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL) blue crab hatchery to conduct a series of experimental assays to assess the mortality rate of blue crab zoea and megalopae in response to crude oil and dispersant. These assays will allow for a stronger interpretation of field data, as the PIs can compare observed concentrations of crude oil and dispersant in the open marine environment to assay results to state clearly whether any observed changes in megalopal settlement might be due to oil-induced mortality. The results of this project will be important as an assessment of the ecosystem impact of the DpH oil spill, as well as important baseline data for measuring ecosystem recovery.Broader Impacts:This project will also have important broader impacts as the data will be used to calibrate food web model s of the coastal ecosystem to impacts of the oil spill. These models will allow for a broader examination of the impacts on specific species at the scale of the entire ecosystem. Further, the results of this project will be combined with the results of a spatial examination of blue crab settlement being conducted at Tulane University by Taylor and the two projects will form the nexus of a larger project to examine regional patterns of blue crab recruitment in support of ecosystem-based management. Finally, the PIs will make use of a long-term dataset from GCRL on blue crab settlement in coastal marshes that has not been previously used or published in its entirety, thereby making the data more available to the scientific community. This project is being implemented by several early-career researchers who will be able to build on project findings to build their research programs.
学术价值:2010年4月20日,深水地平线石油钻井平台(DWH)在墨西哥湾发生爆炸,导致大规模漏油,至今仍在继续,基本上有增无减。这次漏油的规模以及化学分散剂的应用来控制它是史无前例的;它对墨西哥湾的生态影响也是完全未知的。一个特别令人关切的问题是,表面浮油对重要鱼类和无脊椎动物,如蓝蟹的浮游性幼体死亡率的影响。蓝蟹在沿海水域产卵,但幼虫在近海迁徙到开阔的海洋环境中,在那里它们经历几个幼虫阶段,然后作为大眼目重新迁徙到近岸地带,转变为幼蟹并定居到沿海沼泽栖息地。浮游幼体对环境压力非常敏感,暴露在浮油和分散剂中极有可能导致蓝蟹幼体的广泛死亡。目前在墨西哥湾北部的DPH浮油的位置和大小使得蓝蟹很有可能暴露在石油或分散剂中,或者两者兼而有之,这个快速项目的目标是研究DWH石油泄漏对沿海河口蓝蟹安置率的影响。富尔福德和他的同事将测量密西西比州海岸蓝蟹巨型动物的定居速度,并将2010年的定居与相同地点的历史定居模式进行比较。此外,还将使用预测水动力模型来校正观测到的水动力强迫沉降量,以便将2010年的沉降率与历史模式进行比较,重点是幼虫死亡率的变化,而不是幼虫扩散的变化。该项目还将利用墨西哥湾沿岸研究实验室(GCRL)蓝蟹孵化场的蓝蟹ZOEA和MIMALOPE进行一系列实验测试,以评估蓝蟹ZOEA和MIMALOPE对原油和分散剂的反应的死亡率。这些分析将使现场数据得到更好的解释,因为PI可以比较在开阔海洋环境中观察到的原油和分散剂浓度,以分析结果,清楚地表明巨型沉降区的任何观察到的变化是否可能是由于石油引起的死亡。该项目的结果将对评估石油泄漏对生态系统的影响以及衡量生态系统恢复的重要基线数据具有重要意义。广泛影响:该项目还将产生重要的更广泛的影响,因为这些数据将被用于校准沿海生态系统的食物网模型S,以应对石油泄漏的影响。这些模型将允许在整个生态系统的规模上更广泛地检查对特定物种的影响。此外,该项目的结果将与泰勒在杜兰大学进行的蓝蟹定居空间调查的结果结合起来,这两个项目将构成一个更大项目的结合点,该项目旨在审查蓝蟹招募的区域模式,以支持基于生态系统的管理。最后,PIS将利用GCRL关于沿海沼泽蓝蟹栖息地的长期数据集,该数据集以前从未使用或全部公布,从而使科学界更容易获得这些数据。这个项目是由几个职业生涯早期的研究人员实施的,他们将能够在项目结果的基础上建立他们的研究计划。

项目成果

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Robert Griffitt其他文献

The influence of hypoxia on the cardiac transcriptomes of two estuarine species - <em>C. variegatus</em> and <em>F. grandis</em>
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100837
  • 发表时间:
    2021-09-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    Elizabeth Allmon;Jennifer Serafin;Shuai Chen;Danielle Simning;Robert Griffitt;Thijs Bosker;Sylvain De Guise;Maria S. Sepúlveda
  • 通讯作者:
    Maria S. Sepúlveda
Oil induced cardiac effects in embryonic sheepshead minnows, <em>Cyprinodon variegatus</em>
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132482
  • 发表时间:
    2022-02-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    Elizabeth Allmon;Grace Carter;Robert Griffitt;Maria S. Sepúlveda
  • 通讯作者:
    Maria S. Sepúlveda

Robert Griffitt的其他文献

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