Collaboration to Investigate the "Old Whaling" Culture and the Origins of Whaling in Chukotka

合作调查楚科奇“古老捕鲸”文化和捕鲸起源

• 批准号: 1048194
• 负责人: Christopher Wolff
• 金额: $ 12.61万
• 依托单位: Brown University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2013-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1048194&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaboration; Investigate; Old; Whaling; Culture

AbstractCollaborating to Investigate the "Old Whaling" Culture and the Origins of Whaling in ChukotkaThe three-thousand-year-old Old Whaling culture is enigmatic, known only from the type site at Cape Krusenstern, Alaska. Mystery aside, Old Whaling is very important in the development of Eskimo culture because its members are believed to have been the first people to hunt large baleen whales in the Bering Strait region. The existence of Old Whaling culture in Chukotka has been hypothesized, but until now has not been demonstrated. This project will investigate the Old Whaling culture in Chukotka by excavating a recently discovered archaeological site near the village of Nunligran. The project is will include archaeologists from the Institute of Heritage in Moscow (Sergey Gusev and Igor Makarov) and the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography - Kunstkamera in St. Petersburg (Dmitri Gerasimov) who will work in close collaboration with archaeologists (Daniel Odess and Caroline Funk, University of Alaska Fairbanks), a zooarchaeologist (Erica Hill, University of Alaska Southeast), and a graduate student (Sarah Meitl, University of Alaska Fairbanks). The project will also include a Yup'ik high school student who has been working with the PI in the field and the laboratory for three years, as well as students and other community members from Nunligran. Together the research team will excavate the site with the goal of answering the following questions: What is the nature of the Old Whaling occupation at Nunligran, and how is it related to the Old Whaling occupation at Cape Krusenstern? What evidence is there for cultural ties across Bering Strait around 3000 years ago? How did people at the site make a living, and did the people who lived there hunt whales? How is the shift to whaling, as a subsistence activity, reflected more broadly in social and community organization and changes in land use? The project is intended to foster international collaboration and community involvement in research important to people on both sides of Bering Strait.

楚科奇“古捕鲸”文化与捕鲸起源的合作研究有三千年历史的古捕鲸文化是神秘的，只在阿拉斯加的克鲁森斯特恩角的模式产地才知道。撇开神秘不谈，古捕鲸在爱斯基摩文化的发展中非常重要，因为它的成员被认为是第一批在白令海峡地区捕杀大型须鲸的人。在楚科奇存在古老的捕鲸文化一直被假设，但直到现在还没有被证明。该项目将通过挖掘最近在Nunlivet村附近发现的考古遗址来调查楚科奇的古老捕鲸文化。该项目将包括来自莫斯科遗产研究所的考古学家（谢尔盖·古谢夫和伊戈尔·马卡罗夫）和人类学和民族志博物馆-彼得堡的艺术馆他将与考古学家密切合作，（丹尼尔·奥德斯和卡罗琳·芬克，阿拉斯加大学费尔班克斯），动物考古学家（埃里卡希尔，阿拉斯加东南大学）和一名研究生（萨拉梅特尔，阿拉斯加费尔班克斯大学）。该项目还将包括一名Yup'ik高中学生，他已经在实地和实验室与PI合作了三年，以及来自Nunlivet的学生和其他社区成员。研究小组将一起挖掘该遗址，目的是回答以下问题：Nunliquet的旧捕鲸业的性质是什么，以及它与Krusenstern角的旧捕鲸业有何关系？有什么证据表明3000年前白令海峡两岸的文化联系？在这个地方的人们是如何谋生的，住在那里的人捕鲸吗？捕鲸作为一种维持生计的活动，如何更广泛地反映在社会和社区组织以及土地使用的变化中？该项目旨在促进国际合作和社区参与对白令海峡两岸人民都很重要的研究。