Collaborative Research: Secondary Organic Aerosol Production in Real Atmospheric Waters

合作研究：真实大气水中二次有机气溶胶的产生

• 批准号: 1052611
• 负责人: Barbara Turpin
• 金额: $ 57.5万
• 依托单位: Rutgers University New Brunswick
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-04-01 至 2015-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1052611&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Secondary; Organic; Aerosol

This collaborative project addresses a newly recognized (aqueous) pathway for the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in the atmosphere. The poor understanding of SOA formation is a major source of uncertainty in predictions of atmospheric aerosol concentrations and properties that affect climate, visibility and health. Current models do not capture the magnitude, distribution and dynamics of measured organic aerosol concentrations, and smog chamber experiments form SOA that is substantially less oxygenated and, therefore, less hygroscopic than aged atmospheric organic aerosol. There is growing evidence that these and other atmospheric observations can be explained, at least in part, by multiphase SOA formation involving aqueous reactions in clouds, fogs and wet aerosols. When this process is included in models, predicted SOA formed through aqueous chemistry is comparable in magnitude to that formed through the traditional pathway (e.g., gas phase reaction and partitioning to particulate organic matter) in the northeastern United States and globally. Several types of atmospheric measurements also provide evidence for this process. This project addresses the following questions: 1) Is aqueous SOA formation clearly observable in the field? 2) How does aqueous SOA formation influence the oxygen-to-carbon ratio of the organic aerosol? 3) How much of the observed aqueous SOA produced can be explained by known mechanisms? What precursors are important? 4) To what extent does SOA formation depend on light, liquid water, and organic matter? How much can be attributed to aqueous formation processes?Field measurements will be conducted during the PEGASOS campaign in the Po Valley, Italy, where conditions are ideal for SOA formation through reactions in aerosol water. In conjunction with these field studies, controlled aqueous photooxidation experiments will be conducted in the laboratory with detailed chemical analysis and chemical modeling using 1) water-soluble (filtered) mixtures of compounds scrubbed from the ambient air, 2) collected (filtered) fog water, and 3) selected compounds identified as potential aqueous precursors based on project findings. Broader Impacts: This work will further elucidate an important pathway for secondary organic aerosol formation and provide an assessment of the relative importance of this pathway in locations where conditions are favorable to SOA formation in wet aerosols and fogs. This project will provide a measurements database and a unique archive of characterized fog samples for use by other investigators. This research is designed to contribute ultimately to improved global/regional prediction of aerosol effects from precursor emissions. This project will facilitate the education of scientists. The planned K-12 outreach is designed to reach large numbers of students and to increase interest in and understanding of the process of scientific discovery by youth.

该协作项目介绍了一种新认可的（水性）途径，用于在大气中形成次级有机气溶胶（SOA）。 对SOA形成的不良理解是影响气候，知名度和健康的大气气溶胶浓度和特性的预测的主要不确定性来源。 当前的模型不会捕获有机气溶胶浓度的大小，分布和动力学，而烟雾室实验形成的SOA含量大大降低，因此比老化的大气有机气溶胶少得多。 越来越多的证据表明，至少可以通过涉及云，雾和湿气溶胶中的水反应的多相SOA形成来解释这些和其他大气观测。 当该过程包含在模型中时，通过水性化学形成的预测SOA与通过传统途径（例如，气相反应和对颗粒有机物的颗粒有机物物质）形成的SOA相当。 几种类型的大气测量还为此过程提供了证据。该项目解决了以下问题：1）在现场可以清楚地观察到水性SOA形成吗？ 2）水溶液形成如何影响有机气溶胶的氧气比？ 3）可以通过已知的机制来解释产生多少水的SOA？哪些前体很重要？ 4）SOA形成在多大程度上取决于光，液态水和有机物？可以将多少归因于水的形成过程？在意大利Po Valley的Pegasos运动期间将进行现场测量，在这里，通过气溶胶水中的反应是SOA形成的理想条件。 结合这些现场研究，将在实验室中进行控制水性光氧化实验，并使用1）使用1）使用1）化合物的水溶性（过滤后）混合物从环境空气中擦洗，2）收集的（过滤的）雾水和3）基于ASQUAILS ASSIGE AS ASSIES AS ASSIES AS ASSIGE AS ASSIGE AS ASSIGE AS ASSIGE PROPVITSERS PROPVITIONS Projectings Projectings nightings Projectings。更广泛的影响：这项工作将进一步阐明次级有机气溶胶形成的重要途径，并评估该途径在有利于SOA形成的湿气溶胶和雾中有利于SOA形成的位置的相对重要性。 该项目将提供一个测量数据库和独特的特征性雾样品档案，以供其他研究人员使用。 这项研究旨在最终为改善前体排放中气溶胶效应的全球/区域预测做出贡献。 该项目将促进科学家的教育。 计划的K-12外展旨在吸引大量学生，并增加对青年科学发现过程的兴趣和理解。