Ecological forces driving the loss of photosynthesis in phytoplankton: Molecular and morphological adaptations to heterotrophy

营养策略（光养、混合养和吞噬）的分化是生物间最明显的功能差异之一，对碳元素的流动有重要影响。所有主要的藻类谱系都包含许多“无色藻类”的例子。我们讨论了异养的分子和形态适应，以菊花作为模式生物来总结光养能力丧失的生态原因。我们将在一系列实验室实验中进一步测试不同条件下异养和混合营养的竞争实力。该项目汇集了工作小组的专业知识，涵盖藻类多样性和系统发育，超微结构和细胞生物学，以及基因组和转录组分析，特别涉及光色素的进化。它更加独立，但与盖德克同时提交的一份提案密切相关。它将为（多重）分离为光养和异养谱系背后的场景提供基本见解，并阐明有利于这种分化的环境条件。

The differentiation of nutritional strategies (phototrophic, mixotrophic, phagotrophic) is one of the most obvious functional differences among organisms and strongly influences the carbon and element flows. All major algal lineages comprise numerous examples of "colourless algae". We address the molecular and morphological adaptations to heterotrophy using chrysophytes as model organisms to conclude on ecological causes of the loss of phototrophic abilities. We will further test the competitive strength of heterotrophic and mixotrophix chrysophytes under different conditions in a series of laboratory experiments. The project brings together the expertise of working groups covering algal diversity and phylogeny, ultrastructure and cell biology, and genome and transcriptome analyses with special reference to the evolution of photopigments. It is further independent but closely linked to a proposal submitted in parallel by U. Gaedke. It will provide basic insights into the scenarios behind the (multifold) separation into phototrophic and heterotrophic lineages and elucidate environmental conditions favouring this differentiation.