Collaborative Research: SES 98-1320 Innovation Personnel and their Ecosystem: Career Choices and Trajectories of Scientists - Industry or Academia and Basic or Applied?

合作研究：SES 98-1320 创新人才及其生态系统：科学家的职业选择和轨迹——工业界还是学术界以及基础还是应用？

• 批准号: 1069121
• 负责人: Rajshree Agarwal-Tronetti
• 金额: $ 36.62万
• 依托单位: University of Maryland, College Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-01 至 2015-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1069121&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; SES; 98; 1320

The dynamism of the U.S. economy has been fueled with continued advances in basic and applied science, conducted within both academic and industry boundaries. Underlying these critical macro (institutional and national policy) level factors are individual decisions made by the scientists themselves, as they choose among careers options that relate to what they do: basic or applied science; and where they do it: academia or industry. An understanding of these micro level factors is necessary to formulate an individual career strategy, to strengthen the competitiveness of both firms and universities and to design sound economic policiesThis proposal examines the micro factors related to scientific labor markets that influence institutional and policy issues. It is based on the premise that societal goals related to achieving an optimal level of basic and applied research can be best achieved by creating the appropriate incentive structure that provides for an optimal matching of scientists to careers in basic and/or applied science, within academic or industry settings. The research develops new theoretical models that build on matching, human capital and endogenous growth theory, and new empirical evidence using panel data on baccalaureate and doctoral graduates in science and engineering fields from Scientists and Engineers Statistical Data System (SESTAT) developed by the NSF. Intellectual merit: The research provides a new framework to identify roles of preference, ability, job characteristics, and institutional settings in career choices and the career trajectory of scientists by combining a matching model and a human capital model. The interaction of individual and institutional characteristics is explicitly entered into a model and empirically tested to understand its impacts on individual choices and performances as well as on the entire market or economy. The research also offers new perspectives and a new micro-foundation for endogenous economic growth models by emphasizing interactions and synergies between basic and applied science. In particular, the framework in the research helps identify sources of economic growth that the linear model has failed to recognize. Broader impacts: The research informs existing and prospective scientists embarking on alternative careers and seeking collaborations with others or acquiring their own complementary skills. It informs universities and firms of sources of synergies between basic and applied science, and helps them design an incentive scheme and an institutional arrangement for attracting and retaining innovative personnel, as well as extracting the benefits of science.

在学术和行业界限内进行的基础和应用科学的持续进步，美国经济的活力得到了推动。 这些关键的宏观（机构和国家政策）层面因素是科学家本身做出的个人决定，因为他们在与他们所做的事情有关的职业选择中选择：基础科学或应用科学；以及他们在哪里做：学术界或行业。对这些微观层面因素的理解对于制定个人职业战略，增强公司和大学的竞争力以及设计合理的经济政治策略的建议是必要的，研究了与影响制度和政策问题的科学劳动力市场相关的微观因素。基于这样的前提，即可以通过创建适当的激励结构来实现与实现最佳基础和应用研究水平相关的社会目标，从而在学术或行业环境中提供最佳的科学家与基础和/或应用科学的职业的最佳匹配。 该研究开发了新的理论模型，这些模型以匹配，人力资本和内源性增长理论为基础，以及使用由NSF开发的科学家和工程师统计数据系统（SESTAT）的科学和工程领域的学士学位和博士学位毕业生的小组数据。智力优点：这项研究提供了一个新的框架，以通过结合匹配模型和人力资本模型来确定职业选择和科学家的职业轨迹中偏好，能力，工作特征和机构环境的作用。个人和机构特征的相互作用已明确地进入模型，并经过经验测试，以了解其对个人选择和表现以及对整个市场或经济的影响。这项研究还通过强调基础科学和应用科学之间的相互作用和协同作用，为内源性经济增长模型提供了新的观点和新的微观基础。特别是，研究中的框架有助于确定线性模型未能认识到的经济增长来源。更广泛的影响：该研究为现有和准科学家提供了替代职业，并寻求与他人合作或获得自己的补充技能。 它向大学和公司提供了基础科学和应用科学之间协同效应的来源的信息，并帮助他们设计了激励计划以及吸引和保留创新人员的机构安排，并提取了科学的好处。