CAREER: A Novel Approach to Catalysis for Next Generation Direct-Hydrocarbon Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

职业生涯：下一代直接碳氢化合物固体氧化物燃料电池的催化新方法

• 批准号: 1101814
• 负责人: Steven McIntosh
• 金额: $ 7.4万
• 依托单位: Lehigh University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-01 至 2013-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1101814&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Novel; Approach; Catalysis; Next

PROPOSAL NUMBER.: CBET-0643931PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: McIntosh, StevenINSTITUTION: University of VirginiaCAREER: A Novel Approach to Catalysis for Next Generation Direct-Hydrocarbon SolidOxide Fuel Cells Intellectual MeritA number of technologies are under development to increase the efficiency of power generation systems. One of the most promising for large scale and distributed systems is the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC). SOFCs utilize an oxygen anion conducting electrolyte and may theoretically operate on any combustible fuel supplied to the fuel electrode, the anode. Current SOFC are unnecessarily restricted to hydrogen fuel due to anode materials limitations. The development of SOFC that efficiently convert both traditional and bio-derived hydrocarbon fuels to electrical power would be of great benefit to society. Progress has been made in developing new oxide-based anodes; however, the catalytic properties of these novel materials are note well understood. A high performance anode material must posses both high oxygen ion and electron conductivity and catalytic activity towards fuel oxidation. The overall research goal is to understand the coupled ion transport and catalytic processes occurring in complex oxides and relate these to the material structure and composition.Three distinct approaches will be taken. First, a pulse reactor technique will be utilized to investigate the nature of the active site and reaction mechanism for hydrocarbon oxidation on novel SOFC anode materials. Second, thin film electrodes with well defined structure, composition and geometry will be fabricated and operated as model SOFCs. Combined electrochemical and catalytic measurements on these model systems will investigate the influence of applied potential, film microstructure and ionic flux on the surface reaction rate and mechanism. Finally, lab-scale SOFCs will be fabricated to demonstrate the application of this technology and relate fuel cell performance to the fundamental anode material properties. The work will be supplemented by detailed characterization of the microstructure and composition of the material surface and bulk.Broader ImpactThe proposed research is integrated with an educational component that incorporates energy technology education into the University of Virginia curriculum. A senior level undergraduate course will be developed that explores both technological and societal issues surrounding energy use. This will be supplemented by a new undergraduate laboratory fuel cell experiment. A freshman engineering course will allow students to design and build novel energy-related devices. The students will present their work at university open days to share their ideas and designs with the public. In addition, the graduate chemical reaction engineering class will be revised to include the fundamental concepts behind emerging energy technologies.The development of an efficient direct-hydrocarbon fuel cell will have a significant impact upon energy production in the US. The final research goal of producing a lab-scale fuel cell operating on readily available fuels will provide immediate outreach to the public through a tangible scientific discovery. Understanding coupled transport and catalysis in oxides has broader application in the fields of chemical sensors, dense oxide membranes and the emerging field of nano-ionics.

提案编号：CBET-0643931主要研究者：麦金托什，史蒂文机构：哥伦比亚大学职业：下一代直接烃固体氧化物燃料电池催化的新方法知识产权许多技术正在开发中，以提高发电系统的效率。固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）是大规模分布式系统中最有前途的系统之一。SOFC利用氧阴离子传导电解质，并且理论上可以对供应到燃料电极（阳极）的任何可燃燃料进行操作。由于阳极材料的限制，目前的SOFC不必要地限于氢燃料。固体氧化物燃料电池能够有效地将传统的和生物衍生的碳氢燃料转化为电能，这对社会有很大的好处。 在开发新的氧化物基阳极方面已经取得了进展;然而，这些新材料的催化性能还没有得到很好的理解。高性能阳极材料必须同时具有高的氧离子和电子传导性以及对燃料氧化的催化活性。整体研究目标是了解复杂氧化物中发生的耦合离子传输和催化过程，并将其与材料结构和成分联系起来。首先，我们将利用脉冲反应器技术来研究碳氢化合物在新型固体氧化物燃料电池阳极材料上的氧化反应活性位和反应机理。其次，薄膜电极具有明确的结构，成分和几何形状将被制造和操作模型SOFC。这些模型系统的电化学和催化相结合的测量将调查的影响，施加的电位，薄膜的微观结构和离子流量的表面反应速率和机制。最后，实验室规模的固体氧化物燃料电池将被制造，以证明这项技术的应用和相关的燃料电池性能的基本阳极材料的属性。这项工作将得到补充的材料表面和bulk.Broader ImpactThe拟议的研究的微观结构和组成的详细表征是集成了教育组件，将能源技术教育纳入弗吉尼亚大学的课程。高级本科课程将开发，探讨围绕能源使用的技术和社会问题。这将由一个新的本科实验室燃料电池实验补充。大一的工程课程将允许学生设计和建造新颖的能源相关设备。学生们将在大学开放日上展示他们的作品，与公众分享他们的想法和设计。此外，研究生化学反应工程类将被修改，包括新兴能源技术背后的基本概念。一个有效的直接碳氢化合物燃料电池的发展将对美国的能源生产产生重大影响。最终的研究目标是生产一种实验室规模的燃料电池，利用现成的燃料运行，这将通过一项切实的科学发现向公众提供直接的宣传。 理解氧化物中的耦合传输和催化在化学传感器、致密氧化物膜和新兴的纳米离子学领域有着广泛的应用。