Studies in Fluids: Splashing, Singularities and Memory Formation

流体研究：飞溅、奇点和记忆形成

• 批准号: 1105145
• 负责人: Sidney Nagel
• 金额: $ 40.5万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-07-01 至 2014-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1105145&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Studies; Fluids; Splashing; Singularities; Memory

Technical AbstractThis award has two broad goals: to study memory in various condensed matter systems and to study the flow of fluids with negligible surface tension. The first project concentrates on memory and memory loss in far-from-equilibrium disordered systems that have been "trained" to have a specific behavior. There may a generic class of memory, that can be seen in such systems, that has unusual properties in that, without noise, the more one trains the system the less it remembers. The project also includes a study of how submerged air bubbles can remember initial conditions through a breakup singularity and an investigation of rejuvenation and memory in aging glassy systems. The second project, on fluids with negligible surface tension, includes a study of fingering instabilities in driven miscible fluids as well as granular jets, where the granular matter can be considered as a fluid. Postdoctoral associates and graduate students will be trained in the study of complex phenomena. Because much of this research deals with macroscopic phenomena, it provides an excellent starting place for bringing undergraduate and high-school students into the laboratory. This research affords excellent outreach to the public. Some of the work has been a focus of museum exhibits at the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago and the Exploratorium in San Francisco.Non-Technical AbstractThis award has two overarching goals: to study the formation of memories and to study fluids with negligible surface tension. The first project concentrates on memory formation in far-from-equilibrium disordered systems. Previous work from this laboratory had uncovered unusual behavior that may be generic. When a system is repeatedly "trained" over an extended period of time, one normally expects that memory retention will improve with repetition. However, in the cases of interest here, the opposite occurs -the more one trains a system, the less it remembers. The project seeks to understand what causes such behavior and the extent to which such behavior can be seen in a variety of materials including biological ones. The second project, on fluids with negligible surface tension, includes a study of fingering instabilities in driven miscible fluids as well as granular jets, where the granular matter can be considered to be a fluid. Both research topics have significant technological implications. Postdoctoral associates and graduate students will be trained in the study of complex phenomena. Because much of this research deals with macroscopic phenomena, it also provides an excellent starting place for bringing undergraduate and high-school students into a research laboratory. Because the phenomena are so accessible, this research affords excellent outreach to the public. This includes museum exhibits at the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago and the Exploratorium in San Francisco.

该奖项有两个主要目标：研究各种凝聚态系统中的记忆，以及研究表面张力可以忽略的流体流动。 第一个项目集中在记忆和记忆丧失在远离平衡的无序系统，已被“训练”有一个特定的行为。 可能存在一类通用的记忆，可以在此类系统中看到，它具有不寻常的属性，因为在没有噪音的情况下，系统训练得越多，它记住的就越少。 该项目还包括研究淹没的气泡如何通过破裂奇点记住初始条件，以及对老化玻璃系统中的再生和记忆进行调查。 第二个项目，流体与表面张力可以忽略不计，包括指状不稳定性的研究驱动混溶流体以及颗粒射流，其中颗粒物质可以被认为是一种流体。博士后助理和研究生将接受复杂现象研究的培训。 由于这项研究的大部分涉及宏观现象，它为本科生和高中生进入实验室提供了一个很好的起点。 这项研究为公众提供了很好的宣传。 其中的一些工作已经成为芝加哥科学与工业博物馆和旧金山弗朗西斯科探索博物馆展览的焦点。非技术摘要该奖项有两个首要目标：研究记忆的形成和研究表面张力可以忽略的流体。 第一个项目集中在远离平衡的无序系统中的记忆形成。 这个实验室以前的工作已经发现了可能是通用的不寻常行为。 当一个系统在很长一段时间内被反复“训练”时，人们通常会期望记忆保持力会随着重复而提高。 然而，在这里感兴趣的情况下，相反的情况发生了-一个人训练系统越多，它记住的就越少。 该项目旨在了解导致这种行为的原因以及这种行为在包括生物材料在内的各种材料中的可见程度。第二个项目，对流体的表面张力可以忽略不计，包括指状不稳定性的研究驱动混溶流体以及颗粒射流，颗粒物质可以被认为是一种流体。 这两个研究课题都具有重要的技术意义。博士后助理和研究生将接受复杂现象研究的培训。 由于这项研究的大部分涉及宏观现象，它也提供了一个很好的起点，使本科生和高中生进入一个研究实验室。 因为这些现象是如此容易接近，这项研究为公众提供了很好的宣传。 这包括在芝加哥的科学与工业博物馆和旧金山弗朗西斯科的探索博物馆的展览。