Collaborative Research: An Arctic Ocean Sea Surface pCO2 and pH Observing Network

合作研究：北冰洋海面 pCO2 和 pH 观测网络

• 批准号: 1107346
• 负责人: Michael DeGrandpre
• 金额: $ 77.33万
• 依托单位: University of Montana
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-01 至 2015-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1107346&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Arctic; Ocean; Sea

The goal of the proposed study is to establish an Arctic Observing Network (AON) for sea surface partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and pH in the perennially ice-covered portion of the Arctic Ocean. The carbon cycle is of particular concern in the Arctic because it is unknown how carbon sources and sinks will change in response to warming and the reduction of summer sea ice cover, and whether these changes will lead to increased greenhouse gas accumulation in the atmosphere. Furthermore, the penetration of anthropogenic CO2 into the Arctic Ocean is leading to acidification with potentially serious consequences for organisms. Little is known about pCO2 and the inorganic carbon cycle in the central Arctic Ocean because most measurement programs to date have focused on the Arctic shelves during the accessible summer period. The investigators propose to use an existing component of the Arctic Observing Network, the Ice-Tethered Profilers (ITP), as platforms for deployment of in situ pCO2 and pH sensors. ITPs are automated profiling systems distributed throughout the perennial Arctic ice pack that telemeter data back to shore: 44 ITPs have been deployed since 2004 and the project is currently slated to continue through 2013. In the proposed work, a total of 6 ITPs will be equipped with CO2 sensors and four of these will also have pH sensors. The sensors will be fixed on the ITP cable ~2-4 m below the ice. Each unit will include additional sensors for dissolved O2, salinity, and photosynthetically available radiation (and in some cases chlorophyll-a fluorescence) and will be capable of making 12 measurements per day for at least one year. These data, available in near real-time on the ITP web site (www.whoi.edu/itp/), will lead to a better understanding of the Arctic Ocean's role in regulating greenhouse gases and how the ecology of the Arctic will change with warming and acidification. The investigators will also engage in outreach programs including public presentations, podcasts, and school visits. A portion of the budget is also dedicated to the development of a climate-change/ocean acidification exhibit to be displayed in the University of Montana?s science museum. The exhibit will reside at the museum for three months, then visit over 15 rural and tribal communities annually over a three year period. Undergraduate students will be recruited to assist with the sensor testing and data analysis, gaining a higher level of technical knowledge than possible through a traditional degree program.

拟议研究的目标是建立一个北极观测网络（AON），以监测北冰洋常年被冰覆盖部分的海面二氧化碳分压（pCO2）和pH值。北极的碳循环尤其令人关注，因为尚不清楚碳源和碳汇将如何响应变暖和夏季海冰覆盖减少而发生变化，也不知道这些变化是否会导致大气中温室气体积累增加。此外，人为排放的二氧化碳进入北冰洋正在导致酸化，对生物可能造成严重后果。由于迄今为止的大多数测量计划都集中在可到达的夏季期间的北极大陆架上，因此对北冰洋中部的分二氧化碳和无机碳循环知之甚少。研究人员建议使用北极观测网络的现有组成部分，冰系剖面仪（ITP），作为部署现场二氧化碳分压和pH传感器的平台。ITPs是一种自动分析系统，分布在常年存在的北极冰盖上，通过遥测数据传回岸上。自2004年以来，已经部署了44台ITPs，目前计划持续到2013年。在拟议的工作中，总共有6个ITPs将配备二氧化碳传感器，其中4个还将配备pH传感器。传感器将固定在冰下2-4米处的ITP电缆上。每个单元将包括额外的溶解氧、盐度和光合作用有效辐射（在某些情况下还有叶绿素-a荧光）传感器，并且将能够在至少一年的时间内每天进行12次测量。这些数据在ITP网站（www.whoi.edu/itp/）上几乎实时提供，将使人们更好地了解北冰洋在调节温室气体方面的作用，以及北极生态将如何随着变暖和酸化而变化。调查人员还将参与外联项目，包括公开演讲、播客和学校访问。预算的一部分还将用于在蒙大拿大学举办气候变化/海洋酸化展览。美国科学博物馆。展览将在博物馆停留三个月，然后在三年的时间里每年访问超过15个农村和部落社区。将招募本科生协助传感器测试和数据分析，获得比传统学位课程更高水平的技术知识。