Collaborative Research: An Arctic Ocean Sea Surface pCO2 and pH Observing Network

合作研究：北冰洋海面 pCO2 和 pH 观测网络

• 批准号: 1107346
• 负责人: Michael DeGrandpre
• 金额: $ 77.33万
• 依托单位: University of Montana
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-01 至 2015-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1107346&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Arctic; Ocean; Sea

The goal of the proposed study is to establish an Arctic Observing Network (AON) for sea surface partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and pH in the perennially ice-covered portion of the Arctic Ocean. The carbon cycle is of particular concern in the Arctic because it is unknown how carbon sources and sinks will change in response to warming and the reduction of summer sea ice cover, and whether these changes will lead to increased greenhouse gas accumulation in the atmosphere. Furthermore, the penetration of anthropogenic CO2 into the Arctic Ocean is leading to acidification with potentially serious consequences for organisms. Little is known about pCO2 and the inorganic carbon cycle in the central Arctic Ocean because most measurement programs to date have focused on the Arctic shelves during the accessible summer period. The investigators propose to use an existing component of the Arctic Observing Network, the Ice-Tethered Profilers (ITP), as platforms for deployment of in situ pCO2 and pH sensors. ITPs are automated profiling systems distributed throughout the perennial Arctic ice pack that telemeter data back to shore: 44 ITPs have been deployed since 2004 and the project is currently slated to continue through 2013. In the proposed work, a total of 6 ITPs will be equipped with CO2 sensors and four of these will also have pH sensors. The sensors will be fixed on the ITP cable ~2-4 m below the ice. Each unit will include additional sensors for dissolved O2, salinity, and photosynthetically available radiation (and in some cases chlorophyll-a fluorescence) and will be capable of making 12 measurements per day for at least one year. These data, available in near real-time on the ITP web site (www.whoi.edu/itp/), will lead to a better understanding of the Arctic Ocean's role in regulating greenhouse gases and how the ecology of the Arctic will change with warming and acidification. The investigators will also engage in outreach programs including public presentations, podcasts, and school visits. A portion of the budget is also dedicated to the development of a climate-change/ocean acidification exhibit to be displayed in the University of Montana?s science museum. The exhibit will reside at the museum for three months, then visit over 15 rural and tribal communities annually over a three year period. Undergraduate students will be recruited to assist with the sensor testing and data analysis, gaining a higher level of technical knowledge than possible through a traditional degree program.

这项拟议研究的目标是建立一个北极观测网络(AON)，以监测北冰洋常年冰盖部分的海面二氧化碳分压(PCO2)和pH值。北极地区的碳循环尤其令人担忧，因为尚不清楚碳源和碳汇将如何随着气候变暖和夏季海冰覆盖的减少而发生变化，以及这些变化是否会导致大气中温室气体积累的增加。此外，人为二氧化碳渗入北冰洋正在导致酸化，可能对生物造成严重后果。人们对北冰洋中部的二氧化碳和无机碳循环知之甚少，因为到目前为止，大多数测量计划都集中在夏季可到达的北极大陆架上。研究人员提议使用北极观测网络的一个现有组成部分--冰系带剖面仪(ITP)作为就地部署二氧化碳和酸碱度传感器的平台。国际大地测量计划是分布在北极多年生冰盖中的自动剖面系统，可将遥测数据传回岸上：自2004年以来，已部署了44个国际大地测量计划，目前该项目计划持续到2013年。在拟议的工作中，总共6个ITP将配备二氧化碳传感器，其中4个还将配备pH传感器。传感器将固定在冰下约2-4米的ITP电缆上。每个单元将包括额外的溶解氧、盐度和光合作用可用辐射(在某些情况下还包括叶绿素a荧光)的传感器，并将能够在至少一年内每天进行12次测量。这些数据可在ITP网站上近乎实时地获得，这些数据将有助于更好地了解北冰洋在调节温室气体方面的作用，以及北极生态将如何随着气候变暖和酸化而改变。调查人员还将参与包括公开演示、播客和学校访问在内的外联项目。预算的一部分还专门用于开发将在蒙大拿大学S科学博物馆展出的气候变化/海洋酸化展览。展览将在博物馆停留三个月，然后在三年内每年参观超过15个农村和部落社区。本科生将被招募来协助传感器测试和数据分析，获得比传统学位课程更高水平的技术知识。