An Arctic Ocean sea surface pCO2 and pH observing network

全球变暖和其他与气候相关的过程正在迅速改变北冰洋。夏季的海冰正在消失，海面正在变暖，变得不那么咸了。这种不断变化的物理环境正在改变基本的生物过程和大气-海洋气体交换。北极的碳循环特别令人感兴趣，因为目前尚不清楚二氧化碳的来源和汇是如何变化的，以及这些变化是否会导致大气中温室气体积累的增加。人们认为，随着冰盖的减少，北冰洋将吸收更多人类产生的二氧化碳。较高的二氧化碳水平会导致海洋变得更酸性，因为二氧化碳在水中溶解时会形成碳酸。水中酸度的增加可能会通过损害贝壳生物来影响食物网。尽管存在这些重要问题，但人们对北冰洋中部盆地的碳循环知之甚少。几乎所有对海洋酸度的测量都是在夏季北极大陆架上进行的，此时进入北极很容易。我们将在夏季乘坐破冰船Louis St.Laurent和全年海洋系泊测量北冰洋中部地表水中的溶解氧和二氧化碳的数量及其酸度。外展活动包括继续运营我们为蒙大拿大学S科学博物馆开发的海洋酸化展览，该展览已经吸引了成千上万的博物馆参观者。这项研究将特别支持安装船上正在进行的二氧化碳分压系统，以及在伍兹霍尔海洋研究所时间序列停泊在波弗特海的二氧化碳分压、pH和光合作用活性辐射传感器的部署。自2003年该计划开始以来，这艘船遵循的是同样的巡航路线，从波弗特大陆架向南开始，一直延伸到加拿大盆地北部。每年部署三个系泊设施，并配备地下剖面仪，测量导电率、温度、深度和溶解氧气。我们的传感器部署在约35米深的水下浮标下方。这些数据将使我们能够计算在冰盖小于100%、光合作用有效辐射大于零的时期，大气-海洋二氧化碳通量和净群落生产力。科学界将通过向北极数据储存库(北极数据储存库)提交数据，向科学界提供受质量控制的船上和系泊数据。

Global warming and other climate-related processes are rapidly changing the Arctic Ocean. Summer sea ice is disappearing and the sea surface is warming and becoming less salty. This changing physical environment is altering basic biological processes and air-sea exchange of gasses. The carbon cycle is of particular interest in the Arctic because it is unknown how carbon dioxide sources and sinks are changing and whether these changes will lead to increased greenhouse gas accumulation in the atmosphere. It is thought that with less ice cover the Arctic Ocean will absorb more human-produced carbon dioxide. Higher carbon dioxide levels cause the ocean to become more acidic because carbon dioxide forms carbonic acid when it dissolves in water. The increase in the acidity of the water can affect the food web by harming shell-forming organisms. In spite of these important issues, not much is known about the carbon cycle in the central Arctic Ocean basins. Nearly all measurements of ocean acidity have been made on the Arctic shelves during the summer period when access is easy. We will measure the amount of dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide in the surface water and its acidity in the central Arctic Ocean during a summer cruise on the ice breaker Louis St. Laurent and on year-round oceanographic moorings. Outreach activities include continued operation of an ocean acidification exhibit that we developed for University of Montana?s science museum which has been seen by thousands of museum visitors.The research will specifically support installment of a shipboard underway pCO2 system along with deployment of pCO2, pH, and photosynthetically active radiation sensors on the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution time-series moorings in the Beaufort Sea. The ship follows the same cruise track since the program began in 2003, starting south on the Beaufort shelf and extending to the northern Canada Basin. Three moorings are deployed annually with a subsurface profiler that measures conductivity, temperature, depth, and dissolved O2. Our sensors are deployed at ~35 m depth, just below the subsurface float. These data will allow us to compute air-sea CO2 fluxes and net community productivity during periods when there is less than 100% ice cover and photosynthetically active radiation is greater than zero. The quality-controlled shipboard and mooring data will be made available to the scientific community by submission of the data to the Arctic data repository (ACADIS).