Surface Energy Budgets at Arctic Terrestrial Sites: Quantifying Energy and Momentum Fluxes and their Associated Physical Processes

北极陆地站点的表面能量预算：量化能量和动量通量及其相关物理过程

• 批准号: 1107428
• 负责人: Andrey Grachev
• 金额: $ 43.68万
• 依托单位: University of Colorado at Boulder
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-15 至 2015-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1107428&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Surface; Energy; Budgets; Arctic; Terrestrial

This project will perform diagnostic analyses of the processes modulating the surface radiative, turbulent, and conductive fluxes at several Study of Environmental Arctic Change (SEARCH) climate observatories located around the Arctic Ocean in Canada, Alaska, and Siberia to investigate the annual cycle of the surface energy budget (SEB) and its coupling to atmospheric and surface processes. Where necessary, existing observations will be augmented to complete the suite of SEB measurements. Data exist or will be obtained to focus on the following scientific questions: (i) What processes govern the SEB at Arctic terrestrial sites? What role do local effects such as terrain or coastlines play? How large is the local spatial SEB heterogeneity? How do the physical processes affecting the SEB differ among the various sites? How do these SEB climatologies compare with a sea-ice regime as represented by the SHEBA site, or with that of Greenland? Which SEB terms might be impacted by climate change and how? (ii) What is the relative contribution from classical Monin-Obukhov similarity (MOS) and non-MOS processes to heat and momentum fluxes at Arctic terrestrial sites? Are existing bulk algorithms for surface turbulent fluxes in models applicable at Arctic sites or is the development of new ones necessary? (iii) Which SEB terms determine the soil temperatures and the active layer depth? What mechanisms force variability in those terms? How does the annual cycle of snow cover at each site influence the SEB and thus temperature regimes?Comparisons of key processes at these terrestrial sites will be made to those done by other researchers over Arctic sea ice and on Greenland. These coordinated observations and analyses, which provide process understanding of atmospheric-soil interactions in the Arctic, are rare and will be of interest to a broad spectrum of the scientific community, including the remote sensing and modeling communities. The resulting data and analyses will likely be key data sources for future model studies in a variety of disciplines. Physical understanding of the modulation of energy fluxes to permafrost should provide enhanced understanding of the potential for the greenhouse gas release process in climate-change scenarios. The project takes advantage of interagency and international collaborations with investigators located around the Arctic (USA, Canada, and Russia) and will contribute to education on Arctic climate systems through partnership with the CIRES Education and Outreach group, leading to teacher development and classroom implementation of new climate topics.

该项目将对位于加拿大、阿拉斯加和西伯利亚北冰洋周围的多个北极环境变化研究 (SEARCH) 气候观测站的地表辐射、湍流和传导通量的调节过程进行诊断分析，以研究地表能量收支 (SEB) 的年度周期及其与大气和地表过程的耦合。如有必要，现有观测将得到增强，以完成 SEB 测量套件。现有或将获得的数据集中于以下科学问题： (i) 北极陆地站点的 SEB 受哪些过程控制？地形或海岸线等局部效应发挥什么作用？局部空间SEB异质性有多大？影响 SEB 的物理过程在不同站点之间有何不同？这些 SEB 气候学与 SHEBA 站点所代表的海冰状况或格陵兰岛的海冰状况相比如何？哪些 SEB 术语可能会受到气候变化的影响以及如何影响？ (ii) 经典莫宁-奥布霍夫相似性 (MOS) 和非 MOS 过程对北极陆地站点的热通量和动量通量的相对贡献是什么？模型中现有的表面湍流通量批量算法是否适用于北极地区，或者是否有必要开发新算法？ (iii) 哪些 SEB 项决定土壤温度和活性层深度？什么机制迫使这些术语发生变化？每个地点的积雪年度循环如何影响 SEB 以及温度状况？这些陆地地点的关键过程将与其他研究人员在北极海冰和格陵兰岛所做的比较。这些协调一致的观测和分析提供了对北极大气-土壤相互作用的过程理解，这是罕见的，将引起包括遥感和建模界在内的广泛科学界的兴趣。由此产生的数据和分析可能会成为未来各学科模型研究的关键数据源。对永久冻土能量通量调节的物理理解应该有助于增强对气候变化情景中温室气体释放过程潜力的理解。该项目利用与北极地区（美国、加拿大和俄罗斯）研究人员的跨机构和国际合作，并将通过与 CIRES 教育和外展小组的合作，为北极气候系统的教育做出贡献，从而促进教师发展和课堂实施新的气候主题。