Multiple Metal-Carbon Bonds, Metallacycles, and Catalytic Olefin Metathesis Reactions

化学合成（SYN）项目的这一奖项支持麻省理工学院Richard R. Schrock教授对基于钼或钨的烯烃分解催化剂进行基础研究。烯烃复分解是有机分子中碳碳双键断裂和重排的催化反应。2005年，施罗克、格拉布和肖文获得了诺贝尔化学奖，这一反应对人类的好处得到了认可。过去两年的新发展导致了新型的钼和钨催化剂，它们比以前的任何催化剂都更具活性和选择性。建议的工作包括研究顺烷和反烷异构体的相互转化和相对反应性，设计新的单烷氧化物吡啶（MAP）催化剂和相关物种的路线，包括二氧化硅或氧化铝负载的选择性催化剂。烯烃复分解反应彻底改变了有机分子的合成，这些有机分子与用于治疗癌症和艾滋病等疾病的天然和非天然产物有关，也改变了特种聚合物的合成。新开发的应用包括从种子油等可再生资源合成有机分子，以及选择性合成仅含有顺式碳-碳双键的有机分子，这是天然产物中最常见的类型，也是有机合成中最有用的类型。

This award in the Chemical Synthesis (SYN) program supports work by Professor Richard R. Schrock at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to carry out fundamental studies on olefin metathesis catalysts based on molybdenum or tungsten. Olefin metathesis is a catalytic reaction that consists of breaking and rearranging carbon-carbon double bonds in organic molecules. The benefit of the reaction to mankind was recognized through the 2005 Nobel Prize in Chemistry to Schrock, Grubbs, and Chauvin. New developments in the last two years have led to new types of molybdenum and tungsten catalysts that are much more reactive and selective than any previous catalysts. The proposed work includes an investigation of the interconversion and relative reactivity of syn and anti alkylidene isomers and devising routes to new MonoAlkoxide Pyrrolide (MAP) catalysts and related species, including selective catalysts supported on silica or alumina.The olefin metathesis reaction has revolutionized the synthesis of organic molecules relevant to natural and unnatural products for treatment of diseases such as cancers and AIDS, as well as the synthesis of specialty polymers. Newly developed applications include the synthesis of organic molecules from renewable resources such as seed oils and the selective synthesis of organic molecules that contain only a cis carbon-carbon double bond, the type that is most common in natural products and the most useful in organic synthesis.