Collaborative Research: Observations and Analysis of Wave-Induced Constituent Transport in the Mesopause Region above Cerro Pachon, Chile and Table Mountain, Colorado

合作研究：智利帕雄山和科罗拉多州桌山上方中层顶区域波浪诱发成分输运的观测和分析

• 批准号: 1115725
• 负责人: Chester Gardner
• 金额: $ 101.75万
• 依托单位: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-15 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1115725&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Observations; Analysis; Wave

This is a 5-year scientific collaboration to investigate vertical transport mechanisms in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) using a combination of theory, observations, and atmospheric chemical models. The study focuses on the mesopause region, 80-105 km altitude, and employs Na and Fe wind/temperature lidar, meteor radar, and airglow data from two observation sites at Cerro Pachon, Chile, and Table Mountain, CO. The objectives are to quantify wave-induced vertical transport in the mesopause region above these sites, to characterize its effects on the fluxes and vertical distribution of heat, Na, Fe, O, and other key constituents, and to compare the measurements to the eddy diffusion parameterization schemes that are traditionally used to account for vertical transport in atmospheric chemistry models. Specific scientific goals include: 1) To characterize the vertical fluxes of heat, Na (at Cerro Pachon) and Fe (at Table Mountain) throughout the mesopause region and throughout the year, 2) To determine the effective vertical constituent transport velocities associated with advection, turbulent mixing, dynamical transport and Na/Fe chemistry and to characterize their seasonal variations, 3) To quantify the influence of wave-induced transport on the structure and seasonal variations of the mesospheric Na and Fe layers by comparing model predictions with observations, 4) To characterize the effective vertical transport associated with OH Meinel Band, O(1S) green line and O2 Atmospheric Band airglow emissions throughout the year at Cerro Pachon, and 5) Through model calculations to assess the influence of wave-induced transport on the structure and variations of other important mesospheric constituents such as atomic O. Intellectual Merit: Knowledge of the magnitude and variability of wave-induced vertical transport is important to a wide range of research problems, including general circulation modeling, atmospheric chemistry modeling, thermal balance calculations, and the study of the mesospheric airglow and metal layers. This work will contribute to a much deeper understanding of the key gravity wave transport processes and their relationships to atmospheric chemistry. In addition, this work will significantly enhance our ability to model the constituent structure of the MLT, particularly the meteoric metal and airglow layers. Broader Impacts: The research has broader implications for atmospheric science because the results can be used to characterize the impact of wave-induced transport on other important constituents in other atmospheric regions, such as stratospheric ozone, which in turn affects the thermal balance of the Earth's atmosphere. Hence, the results of this project may have important applications in global climate modeling. Furthermore, the direct measurements of the vertical fluxes of mesospheric Fe and Na, in combination with modeling, will substantially improve current estimates of the absolute value of the global meteoric input flux, which are highly uncertain. This is important because the meteoric debris that enters the MLT is eventually transported into the lower atmosphere, where it affects the formation of stratospheric aerosols and is ultimately deposited in the oceans, where it contributes to the concentration of key chemical species, such as Fe. Both stratospheric aerosols and oceanic Fe play important roles in Earth's climate. Stratospheric aerosols reflect sunlight, which alters the Earth's radiation budget, while oceanic Fe promotes the growth of phytoplankton, which affects the global carbon cycles, in particular atmospheric CO2.

这是一项为期5年的科学合作，用于研究上层和下热圈（MLT）中使用理论，观测和大气化学模型的垂直运输机制。 The study focuses on the mesopause region, 80-105 km altitude, and employs Na and Fe wind/temperature lidar, meteor radar, and airglow data from two observation sites at Cerro Pachon, Chile, and Table Mountain, CO. The objectives are to quantify wave-induced vertical transport in the mesopause region above these sites, to characterize its effects on the fluxes and vertical distribution of heat, Na, Fe, O, and其他关键成分，并将测量值与传统上用来说明大气化学模型中垂直传输的涡流扩散参数化方案进行比较。具体的科学目标包括：1）表征整个间歇区和全年的热量，Na（在Cerro Pachon）和Fe（在桌山上）的Fe（在桌山上），2），2），以确定有效的垂直构成速度，与对流，动作混合，动态运输和NA/FE化学和季节性变化，以量化季节性变化，并量身定量，并在季节性上进行季节性变化 - 中层Na和Fe层通过将模型预测与观测进行比较，4），以表征与Oh Meinel带，O（1s）O（1s）绿线和O2大气带空气滴在Cerro Pachon上的绿线和O2大气带空气的排放，以及5）通过模型的计算，以评估在其他重要构成的构造和变体的影响下，以评估其他重要的构造的影响。波诱导的垂直传输的幅度和变化对于广泛的研究问题很重要，包括一般循环建模，大气化学建模，热平衡计算以及中级气流和金属层的研究。这项工作将有助于更深入地了解关键重力波传输过程及其与大气化学的关系。此外，这项工作将显着增强我们建模MLT组成结构的能力，尤其是陨石金属和气流层。更广泛的影响：这项研究对大气科学具有更广泛的影响，因为结果可以用来表征波诱导的运输对其他大气区域其他重要组成部分的影响，例如平流层臭氧，这又影响了地球大气的热平衡。因此，该项目的结果可能在全球气候建模中具有重要的应用。此外，与建模相结合的中层Fe和Na的垂直通量的直接测量将显着改善全局气象输入通量的绝对值的电流估计，这是高度不确定的。这很重要，因为进入MLT的陨石碎片最终被运输到较低的大气中，它影响了平流层气溶胶的形成，并最终沉积在海洋中，在海洋中，它有助于关键化学物种的浓度，例如FE。平流层气溶胶和海洋富铁在地球气候中起着重要作用。平流层气溶胶反映了阳光，从而改变了地球的辐射预算，而海洋FE促进了影响全球碳周期的浮游植物的生长，特别是大气中的二氧化碳。