Collaborative Research: Lidar Investigation of Middle and Upper Atmosphere Temperature, Composition, Chemistry, and Dynamics at McMurdo, Antarctica

合作研究：南极洲麦克默多的中高层大气温度、成分、化学和动力学激光雷达研究

• 批准号: 1246431
• 负责人: Chester Gardner
• 金额: $ 24.72万
• 依托单位: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-01 至 2019-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1246431&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Lidar; Investigation; Middle

The new observations of iron layers, neutral temperatures, and gravity waves up to 155-km altitudes with the Fe-Boltzmann lidar (deployed at McMurdo in 2010) have opened a new door to explore the Antarctic neutral thermosphere. These measurements of neutral-ion coupling and Joule heating, in the critical region above 100 km, are an objective of highest priority for the upper atmosphere science community. Development of the neutral atmosphere temperature climatology is crucial for calibrating satellite observations of the polar mesosphere-lower thermosphere (MLT) region and validating global climate models; in decades from now this climatology records will serve as the baseline against which long-term temperature trends in the changing Antarctic climate are assessed. The studies of extreme summertime Fe events and solar effects on Fe-layer's bottom side are improving the understanding of iron chemistry at polar latitudes. The vertical heat and constituent flux observations with the lidars are enhancing the knowledge of wave-induced transport in the polar mesopause region and remove the greatest source of uncertainty in current chemical-dynamical models of the mesospheric metal layers. This also led to improvements in quantitative estimates of the cosmic dust input that has implications for a variety of geophysical processes throughout the Antarctic atmosphere and Southern Ocean. The characterization and analysis of the gravity wave field in the neutral atmosphere above McMurdo are advancing the understanding of wave coupling in the MLT region and provide better constraints on wave parameterization schemes in climate models. Thus, the McMurdo lidar campaigns provide a new look into the composition, chemistry, temperature, and dynamics of the polar upper atmosphere in a critical latitudinal gap region mid-way between the South Pole and Antarctic Circle. The Fe-Boltzmann lidar has already produced a rich dataset stored in the CEDAR/Madrigal database, which is readily available to other scientists to help supporting their own research on polar aeronomy and climate. This project provides exceptional opportunities to train students and young researchers by giving them fieldwork experience in Antarctica. The project also enhances classroom teaching and graduate programs at several prominent universities around the world.

利用Fe-Boltzmann激光雷达(2010年部署在麦克默多)对铁层、中性温度和高达155公里高度的重力波进行的新观测为探索南极中性热层打开了一扇新的大门。在100公里以上的临界区域对中性离子耦合和焦耳加热的这些测量是高层大气科学界最优先考虑的目标。中性大气温度气候学的发展对于校准对极地中间层低热层(MLT)区域的卫星观测和验证全球气候模型至关重要；几十年后，这一气候学记录将作为评估不断变化的南极气候的长期温度趋势的基线。对夏季极端铁事件和太阳对铁层底部影响的研究正在加深对极地纬度铁化学的理解。激光雷达对垂直热通量和成分通量的观测增强了对极地中层顶区波浪诱导输送的认识，并消除了目前中间层金属层化学动力学模型中最大的不确定性来源。这也改进了对宇宙尘埃输入的定量估计，这对整个南极大气层和南大洋的各种地球物理过程都有影响。对McMurdo上空中性大气中重力波场的刻画和分析，促进了对MLT地区波耦合的理解，并为气候模式中的波参数化方案提供了更好的约束。因此，麦克默多激光雷达运动提供了一个新的视角，在南极和南极圈之间的一个关键纬度间隙区域，极地高层大气的组成、化学、温度和动力学。Fe-Boltzmann激光雷达已经在Cedar/Madrigal数据库中存储了丰富的数据集，其他科学家可以随时获得这些数据集，以帮助支持他们自己对极地空气动力学和气候的研究。这个项目为培训学生和年轻的研究人员提供了难得的机会，让他们有机会在南极洲进行实地考察。该项目还加强了世界各地几所著名大学的课堂教学和研究生课程。