Collaborative Research: Lidar Investigation of Middle and Upper Atmosphere Temperature, Composition, Chemistry, and Dynamics at McMurdo, Antarctica

合作研究：南极洲麦克默多的中高层大气温度、成分、化学和动力学激光雷达研究

• 批准号: 1246431
• 负责人: Chester Gardner
• 金额: $ 24.72万
• 依托单位: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-01 至 2019-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1246431&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Lidar; Investigation; Middle

The new observations of iron layers, neutral temperatures, and gravity waves up to 155-km altitudes with the Fe-Boltzmann lidar (deployed at McMurdo in 2010) have opened a new door to explore the Antarctic neutral thermosphere. These measurements of neutral-ion coupling and Joule heating, in the critical region above 100 km, are an objective of highest priority for the upper atmosphere science community. Development of the neutral atmosphere temperature climatology is crucial for calibrating satellite observations of the polar mesosphere-lower thermosphere (MLT) region and validating global climate models; in decades from now this climatology records will serve as the baseline against which long-term temperature trends in the changing Antarctic climate are assessed. The studies of extreme summertime Fe events and solar effects on Fe-layer's bottom side are improving the understanding of iron chemistry at polar latitudes. The vertical heat and constituent flux observations with the lidars are enhancing the knowledge of wave-induced transport in the polar mesopause region and remove the greatest source of uncertainty in current chemical-dynamical models of the mesospheric metal layers. This also led to improvements in quantitative estimates of the cosmic dust input that has implications for a variety of geophysical processes throughout the Antarctic atmosphere and Southern Ocean. The characterization and analysis of the gravity wave field in the neutral atmosphere above McMurdo are advancing the understanding of wave coupling in the MLT region and provide better constraints on wave parameterization schemes in climate models. Thus, the McMurdo lidar campaigns provide a new look into the composition, chemistry, temperature, and dynamics of the polar upper atmosphere in a critical latitudinal gap region mid-way between the South Pole and Antarctic Circle. The Fe-Boltzmann lidar has already produced a rich dataset stored in the CEDAR/Madrigal database, which is readily available to other scientists to help supporting their own research on polar aeronomy and climate. This project provides exceptional opportunities to train students and young researchers by giving them fieldwork experience in Antarctica. The project also enhances classroom teaching and graduate programs at several prominent universities around the world.

利用Fe-Boltzmann激光雷达（2010年部署在麦克默多）对铁层、中性温度和高达155公里高度的重力波的新观测，为探索南极中性热层打开了一扇新的大门。这些中性离子耦合和焦耳加热的测量，在100公里以上的临界区域，是高层大气科学界最优先考虑的目标。中性大气温度气候学的发展对于校准极地中低层热层（MLT）区域的卫星观测和验证全球气候模式至关重要；今后几十年，这些气候学记录将作为评估南极气候变化长期温度趋势的基准。对夏季极端铁事件和太阳对铁层底部的影响的研究正在提高人们对极纬度地区铁化学的认识。利用激光雷达进行的垂直热和成分通量观测增强了人们对极地中间层顶区域波致输运的认识，消除了目前中间层金属层化学动力学模型中最大的不确定性来源。这也导致了对宇宙尘埃输入的定量估计的改进，这对整个南极大气和南大洋的各种地球物理过程都有影响。McMurdo上空中性大气重力波场的表征和分析有助于提高对MLT区域波耦合的认识，并为气候模式中的波参数化方案提供更好的约束条件。因此，麦克默多激光雷达活动提供了一个新的视角来研究南极和南极圈之间一个关键的纬度间隙区域的极地高层大气的组成、化学、温度和动力学。Fe-Boltzmann激光雷达已经产生了丰富的数据集，存储在CEDAR/Madrigal数据库中，其他科学家可以很容易地获得这些数据集，以帮助支持他们自己对极地航空和气候的研究。该项目为学生和年轻研究人员提供了难得的机会，让他们在南极洲进行实地考察。该项目还加强了世界上几所著名大学的课堂教学和研究生课程。