Collaborative Research: Fe and Na Lidar Investigations of Geospace-Atmosphere Temperature, Composition, Chemistry, and Dynamics at McMurdo, Antarctica

合作研究：南极洲麦克默多的地球空间大气温度、成分、化学和动力学的铁和钠激光雷达研究

• 批准号: 2110422
• 负责人: Chester Gardner
• 金额: $ 15.26万
• 依托单位: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-01 至 2026-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2110422&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Fe; Na; Lidar

This award is funded in whole or part under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (Public Law 117-2).The Geospace coupling system consists of multiple domains transferring solar wind energy and momentum through the Earth's magnetosphere down to the polar ionosphere and thermosphere (neutral upper atmosphere). The 100-200 km altitude region is one of the most important domains where the magnetospheric energy dissipates by precipitating charged particles and respective Joule heating of the upper atmosphere. However, this plasma-neutral coupling in this domain is the lees understood one because it is located well below satellite-observing altitudes, so only remote sensing techniques from the Earth's surface are available here - and observations of neutral winds and temperatures in this range of altitudes are rare. The observations that have been acquired by the LIDAR instrumentation at the McMurdo Station in Antarctica over the last decade have already enabled compelling new science. Studies of plasma-neutral coupling significantly advanced understanding of these complex space-atmosphere interactions. This award will advance a new concept of multistep vertical wave coupling from ground to the thermosphere that was develop from discoveries made by McMurdo lidars. This concept helps advancing the space weather modeling by better assessing the impact of the lower atmosphere forcing on the ionosphere and thermosphere dynamics. Gravity wave forcing on the polar upper atmosphere via wave drag and mixing is important to a wide range of research problems, including general circulation modeling, atmospheric chemistry modeling, thermal balance calculations, studies of airglow and metal layers, and the estimates of the cosmic dust influx. The development of the absolute temperature climatology is crucial for calibrating satellite observations of the polar thermosphere and its connections with the mesosphere and lower atmosphere – they are needed to validate global climate models, and decades from now will serve as the baseline against which long-term temperature trends in the changing Antarctic climate are assessed. The sodium and Fe-Boltzmann lidars that have been operated at McMurdo acquire vertical profiles of neutral atmospheric parameters, including temperature from 30 to ~200 km, vertical winds, and iron & sodium densities in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region. This will provide answers on new science questions related to the complex physics, chemistry, and dynamics of the polar atmosphere and Geospace that are inspired by McMurdo lidar discoveries. These studies provided unique opportunities to train a new generation of scientists and engineers.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项全部或部分由2021年美国救援计划法案（公法117-2）资助。地球空间耦合系统由多个域组成，通过地球磁层将太阳风能和动量转移到极地电离层和热层（中性高层大气）。100-200 km高度区域是磁层能量通过带电粒子沉淀和上层大气的焦耳加热而耗散的最重要区域之一。然而，这个领域的等离子体中性耦合是lees理解的一个，因为它位于远低于卫星观测高度，所以只有地球表面的遥感技术在这里可用-在这个高度范围内的中性风和温度的观测是罕见的。在过去十年中，南极洲麦默多站的激光雷达仪器获得的观测结果已经使引人注目的新科学成为可能。对等离子体-中性耦合的研究极大地促进了对这些复杂的空间-大气层相互作用的理解。该奖项将推进一个新的概念，从地面到热层的多步垂直波耦合，是从麦克默多激光雷达的发现发展。这一概念有助于通过更好地评估低层大气对电离层和热层动力学的影响来推进空间天气建模。重力波通过波拖曳和混合作用对极地高层大气的强迫作用对一系列广泛的研究问题都很重要，包括大气环流模拟、大气化学模拟、热平衡计算、气辉和金属层的研究以及宇宙尘埃流入的估计。绝对温度气候学的发展对于校准极地热大气层及其与中间层和低层大气的联系的卫星观测至关重要-需要这些观测来验证全球气候模型，并且从现在起几十年将作为评估南极气候变化中长期温度趋势的基线。在麦克默多运行的钠和铁玻尔兹曼激光雷达获得了中性大气参数的垂直廓线，包括30至~200 km的温度、垂直风以及中间层和低热层区域的铁钠密度。这将为受麦克默多激光雷达发现启发的与极地大气和地球空间复杂的物理、化学和动力学相关的新科学问题提供答案。这些研究为培养新一代科学家和工程师提供了独特的机会。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。