Cerro Jazmin Archaeological Project: A Study of Urbanism in the Mixteca Alta, Mexico

贾兹明山考古项目：墨西哥米斯特卡阿尔塔城市化研究

• 批准号: 1116380
• 负责人: Veronica Perez Rodriguez
• 金额: $ 30.79万
• 依托单位: Northern Arizona University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-01 至 2012-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1116380&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Cerro; Jazmin; Archaeological; Project; Study

Currently, over half of the world's population lives in cities, making the study of urbanism central to anthropology and relevant in addressing current global challenges and debates surrounding urban living and sustainability. The Cerro Jazmín Archaeological Project (CJAP) studies an ancient city that was intermittently inhabited for nearly 1800 years to learn about the city's form, function, and environmental impact through time. The ancient city of Cerro Jazmín is located in the mountainous Mixteca Alta region of Oaxaca, Mexico, where modern farming communities are struggling to survive on an agricultural economy. By learning about the history of occupation and agricultre at Cerro Jazmín the project will investigate different models of sustainable and unsustainable urbanism. Phase I of CJAP, also funded by NSF, identified a long, but intermittent history of occupation at the ancient city and geomorphological data study identified a period of landscape stability and soil formation at a time corresponding with massive urban growth in the 10th century AD. This find suggests that the city was able to strike a balance, if at least momentary, between population growth and the environment. This period of stability was followed by one of erosion and terrace construction. CJAP Phase II will investigate the city's structure, function, and system of food production to learn about the successful and failed models of urbanism followed at Cerro Jazmín. These finds and the proposed investigations will build on a growing number of studies that have found that higher populations need not result in land degradation. Instead, correct land management and targeted labor inputs from large populations are needed to build and maintain anthropogenic landscapes of production associated with urban centers. In Phase II the project will conduct archaeological excavations of residential, civic-ceremonial, and agricultural areas to learn about the relationship between the city's political and economic function and prominence (reflected on monumental architecture and agricultural terraces) and the activities of high- and low-status households. The project will study monumental architecture, craft production, and foreign goods to investigate the city's local and regional function and its involvement in regional trade and political interaction spheres. The investigations will focus on times of residential stability (Early Classic), possible abandonment (Late Classic), and re-occupation (Postclassic). Today the environmental impacts of urbanism are becoming increasingly problematic and Cerro Jazmín provides a valuable case study on humanity's urban experience. Archaeology is strategically poised to make a broad contribution to current socio-natural studies and debates pertaining to sustainability and the impacts of human action and urbanism.In the Mixteca Alta flat land and water are rare commodities and frost is a constant risk. Still, the archaeological record demonstrates that despite these challenges urban communities flourished for centuries. Perhaps the project's most significant contribution is that it will investigate: What urban strategies did the ancient Mixtec follow to grow food for dense urban populations in a challenging environment? Efforts directed towards answering this question will be of interest not only to scholars, but also to rural communities trying to survive in the Mixtec highlands today.

目前，世界上超过一半的人口居住在城市，这使得城市化研究成为人类学的核心，并且与解决当前围绕城市生活和可持续发展的全球挑战和辩论相关。Cerro Jazmín考古项目（CJAP）研究了一座断断续续居住了近1800年的古城，以了解城市的形式，功能和环境影响。Cerro Jazmín古城位于墨西哥瓦哈卡多山的Mixteca阿尔塔地区，现代农业社区正在努力依靠农业经济生存。通过了解Cerro Jazmín的职业和农业历史，该项目将研究可持续和不可持续的城市化的不同模式。第一阶段的CJAP，也由NSF资助，确定了一个长期的，但间歇性的历史占领在古城和地貌数据研究确定了一个时期的景观稳定性和土壤形成的时间对应于大规模的城市增长在公元世纪。这一发现表明，该市能够在人口增长和环境之间取得平衡，如果至少是暂时的话。这一稳定时期之后是侵蚀和梯田建设。CJAP第二阶段将调查城市的结构，功能和食品生产系统，以了解Cerro Jazmín成功和失败的城市化模式。这些发现和拟议的调查将以越来越多的研究为基础，这些研究发现，人口增加并不一定会导致土地退化。相反，需要正确的土地管理和大量人口的有针对性的劳动力投入，以建立和维护与城市中心相关的人为生产景观。在第二阶段，该项目将对住宅区、市政礼仪区和农业区进行考古发掘，以了解城市的政治和经济功能与重要性（反映在纪念性建筑和农业梯田上）以及高低阶层家庭的活动之间的关系。该项目将研究纪念性建筑，工艺生产和外国商品，以调查城市的地方和区域功能及其在区域贸易和政治互动领域的参与。调查将集中在住宅稳定（早期经典），可能放弃（晚期经典）和重新占用（后经典）的时间。今天，城市化对环境的影响变得越来越成问题，Cerro Jazmín为人类的城市体验提供了一个有价值的案例研究。考古学在战略上做好了准备，为当前的社会自然研究和有关可持续性以及人类活动和城市化影响的辩论做出广泛的贡献。在米斯特卡阿尔塔，平坦的土地和水是稀有商品，霜冻是一个持续的风险。尽管如此，考古记录表明，尽管存在这些挑战，但城市社区繁荣了几个世纪。也许该项目最重要的贡献是它将调查：古代米斯特克遵循什么城市战略在具有挑战性的环境中为密集的城市人口种植粮食？致力于回答这个问题不仅对学者感兴趣，而且对今天试图在米斯特克高地生存的农村社区也感兴趣。

项目成果

Feasting and Building an Urban Society at Cerro Jazmín, Oaxaca, Mexico

在墨西哥瓦哈卡州贾兹曼山享受盛宴并建设城市社会

• DOI: 10.1080/00934690.2017.1286721
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Journal of Field Archaeology
• 影响因子: 1.9
• 作者: Pérez Rodríguez, Verónica;Martínez Tuñón, Antonio;Stiver Walsh, Laura R.;Pérez Roldán, Gilberto;Torres Estévez, Fabiola
• 通讯作者: Torres Estévez, Fabiola

Urban to the bone: Isotopic and faunal dietary data from Formative-period Cerro Jazmín, Mixteca Alta, Oaxaca, México

城市到骨头：来自形成时期的同位素和动物饮食数据 Cerro Jazmín, Mixteca Alta, 瓦哈卡州, 墨西哥

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2020.105177
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Journal of Archaeological Science
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: Pérez Rodríguez, Verónica;Kellner, Corina M.;Higelín Ponce de León, Ricardo
• 通讯作者: Higelín Ponce de León, Ricardo