Cerro Jazmin Archaeological Project: A Study of Urbanism in the Mixteca Alta, Mexico

贾兹明山考古项目：墨西哥米斯特卡阿尔塔城市化研究

• 批准号: 1263100
• 负责人: Veronica Perez Rodriguez
• 金额: $ 30.79万
• 依托单位: SUNY at Albany
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-01 至 2017-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1263100&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Cerro; Jazmin; Archaeological; Project; Study

Currently, over half of the world's population lives in cities, making the study of urbanism central to anthropology and relevant in addressing current global challenges and debates surrounding urban living and sustainability. The Cerro Jazmín Archaeological Project (CJAP) studies an ancient city that was intermittently inhabited for nearly 1800 years to learn about the city's form, function, and environmental impact through time. The ancient city of Cerro Jazmín is located in the mountainous Mixteca Alta region of Oaxaca, Mexico, where modern farming communities are struggling to survive on an agricultural economy. By learning about the history of occupation and agricultre at Cerro Jazmín the project will investigate different models of sustainable and unsustainable urbanism. Phase I of CJAP, also funded by NSF, identified a long, but intermittent history of occupation at the ancient city and geomorphological data study identified a period of landscape stability and soil formation at a time corresponding with massive urban growth in the 10th century AD. This find suggests that the city was able to strike a balance, if at least momentary, between population growth and the environment. This period of stability was followed by one of erosion and terrace construction. CJAP Phase II will investigate the city's structure, function, and system of food production to learn about the successful and failed models of urbanism followed at Cerro Jazmín. These finds and the proposed investigations will build on a growing number of studies that have found that higher populations need not result in land degradation. Instead, correct land management and targeted labor inputs from large populations are needed to build and maintain anthropogenic landscapes of production associated with urban centers. In Phase II the project will conduct archaeological excavations of residential, civic-ceremonial, and agricultural areas to learn about the relationship between the city's political and economic function and prominence (reflected on monumental architecture and agricultural terraces) and the activities of high- and low-status households. The project will study monumental architecture, craft production, and foreign goods to investigate the city's local and regional function and its involvement in regional trade and political interaction spheres. The investigations will focus on times of residential stability (Early Classic), possible abandonment (Late Classic), and re-occupation (Postclassic). Today the environmental impacts of urbanism are becoming increasingly problematic and Cerro Jazmín provides a valuable case study on humanity's urban experience. Archaeology is strategically poised to make a broad contribution to current socio-natural studies and debates pertaining to sustainability and the impacts of human action and urbanism.In the Mixteca Alta flat land and water are rare commodities and frost is a constant risk. Still, the archaeological record demonstrates that despite these challenges urban communities flourished for centuries. Perhaps the project's most significant contribution is that it will investigate: What urban strategies did the ancient Mixtec follow to grow food for dense urban populations in a challenging environment? Efforts directed towards answering this question will be of interest not only to scholars, but also to rural communities trying to survive in the Mixtec highlands today.

目前，世界上一半以上的人口居住在城市，这使得城市化研究成为人类学的核心，并与解决当前围绕城市生活和可持续性的全球挑战和辩论相关。Cerro Jazmín考古项目（CJAP）研究了一座断断续续居住了近1800年的古城，以了解这座城市的形式、功能和随着时间的推移对环境的影响。塞罗古城Jazmín位于墨西哥瓦哈卡州多山的米斯特卡阿尔塔地区，这里的现代农业社区正努力依靠农业经济生存。通过了解Cerro Jazmín的职业和农业历史，该项目将研究可持续和不可持续的城市主义的不同模式。同样由美国国家科学基金会资助的CJAP的第一阶段确定了古城长期但断断续续的占领历史，地貌数据研究确定了公元10世纪与大规模城市增长相对应的景观稳定和土壤形成时期。这一发现表明，这座城市能够在人口增长和环境之间取得平衡，至少是暂时的平衡。这一稳定时期之后是侵蚀和阶地建设时期。CJAP第二阶段将调查城市的结构、功能和粮食生产系统，以了解Cerro Jazmín所遵循的成功和失败的城市主义模式。这些发现和拟议的调查将建立在越来越多的研究的基础上，这些研究发现人口增加不一定会导致土地退化。相反，需要正确的土地管理和大量人口的有针对性的劳动力投入，以建立和维持与城市中心相关的人为生产景观。在第二阶段，该项目将对居住区、市政仪式区和农业区进行考古发掘，以了解城市的政治和经济功能和重要性（反映在纪念性建筑和农业梯田上）与高地位和低地位家庭的活动之间的关系。该项目将研究纪念性建筑、工艺品生产和外国商品，以调查城市的地方和区域功能，以及它在区域贸易和政治互动领域的参与。调查将集中在居住稳定（早期经典），可能被遗弃（晚期经典）和重新占领（后经典）的时间。今天，城市化对环境的影响正变得越来越成问题，Cerro Jazmín为人类的城市经验提供了一个有价值的案例研究。考古学在战略上准备为当前的社会自然研究和有关可持续性以及人类行为和城市化影响的辩论做出广泛贡献。在Mixteca Alta，平坦的土地和水是稀有的商品，霜冻是一个持续的风险。尽管如此，考古记录表明，尽管面临这些挑战，城市社区仍繁荣了几个世纪。也许这个项目最重要的贡献是它将调查：在一个充满挑战的环境中，古代米斯特克人遵循什么城市战略来为密集的城市人口种植食物？回答这个问题的努力不仅会引起学者们的兴趣，也会引起今天在米斯特克高地努力生存的农村社区的兴趣。

项目成果

Feasting and Building an Urban Society at Cerro Jazmín, Oaxaca, Mexico

在墨西哥瓦哈卡州贾兹曼山享受盛宴并建设城市社会

• DOI: 10.1080/00934690.2017.1286721
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Journal of Field Archaeology
• 影响因子: 1.9
• 作者: Pérez Rodríguez, Verónica;Martínez Tuñón, Antonio;Stiver Walsh, Laura R.;Pérez Roldán, Gilberto;Torres Estévez, Fabiola
• 通讯作者: Torres Estévez, Fabiola

Urban to the bone: Isotopic and faunal dietary data from Formative-period Cerro Jazmín, Mixteca Alta, Oaxaca, México

城市到骨头：来自形成时期的同位素和动物饮食数据 Cerro Jazmín, Mixteca Alta, 瓦哈卡州, 墨西哥

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2020.105177
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Journal of Archaeological Science
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: Pérez Rodríguez, Verónica;Kellner, Corina M.;Higelín Ponce de León, Ricardo
• 通讯作者: Higelín Ponce de León, Ricardo