Investigations at Cerro Jazmin: A Study of Urbanism and the Terraced Landscape in the Mixteca Alta, Mexico

拟议的考古研究将在墨西哥米斯特卡阿尔塔的一级城市中心Cerro Jazmin进行，这将增加我们对城市化以及前西班牙城市如何运作的了解。在米斯特卡阿尔塔地区，城市化发展得很早（大约公元前300年），而且是独立发展的，就像它在邻近的墨西哥中部和瓦哈卡山谷一样。在这一地区，没有一个单一的城市中心主导着社会政治格局;相反，政治是由山顶城市领导的，这些城市在其周边地区拥有较小的卫星社区。城市社区包括复杂的等高梯田系统（梯田沿着斜坡的自然轮廓）和lama-bordo梯田（相邻排水系统中的淤地坝梯田）。鉴于梯田的巨大投资，学者们认为米斯特克城市是农业管理和生产的中心。本研究提出：1。 米斯特克的城市中心是如何构建的？2. 等高线梯田和喇嘛坡梯田在城市系统中起到什么作用？3. 米斯特克城市中心及其梯田对周围景观有什么影响？4. 米斯特克的城市中心是农业区吗？Mixtec的城市中心，如Cerro Jazmin，是农业管理和生产的中心吗？提出了两个阶段的研究计划。此处所述的工作与第一阶段有关。第一阶段：在Cerro Jazmin进行绘图、深入调查和地表采集。地图将记录现场的范围和布局。调查和表面收集将确定网站的各种时间和功能组件。对周围地区的地貌调查将记录地层序列并收集土壤样本，以确定与土地使用变化、定居点扩张和废弃的文化时期有关的地貌事件并确定其日期。第二阶段：考古学家对遗址进行了全面的考古发掘，包括地层学、探索性发掘，随后进行了广泛的发掘，以调查遗址不同部分的时间范围和功能差异，从而获得遗址结构随时间变化的整体视图（公元前300年至公元1521年）。智力上的优点。该项目将通过研究一个区域性突出但研究不足的前西班牙城市，为中美洲考古学和关于早期城市化及其环境影响的理论辩论做出贡献。它采用景观视角和尖端技术来研究Cerro Jazmin的结构，以了解该遗址的农业功能及其对周围景观的环境影响。更广泛的影响。该项目将培训来自美国和墨西哥机构的研究生，培养新一代研究人员，促进国际合作和协同作用，并包括科学领域代表性不足的群体。它将支持努力教育公众了解考古学和文化资源管理，特别是像Cerro Jazmin这样面临掠夺和侵蚀危险的资源。此外，米斯特克的环境对农业提出了特殊的挑战，目前由于农民在其他地方寻找更好的机会，农业土壤和人口正在流失。尽管如此，考古记录显示，前西班牙社区繁荣了数千年。这项研究的重要性在于它调查了古代米斯特克在充满挑战的环境中为人口稠密的人口提供食物的城市策略。这个问题的答案将是非常重要的学者和米斯特克社区试图在该地区的农业实践今天。

The proposed archaeological study at Cerro Jazmin, a first-tier urban center in the Mixteca Alta, Mexico, will increase our understanding of urbanism and how Prehispanic cities functioned. In the Mixteca Alta region, urbanism developed early (about 300 BC) and independently, just as it did in neighboring Central Mexico and the Valley of Oaxaca. In this region, no single urban center dominated the sociopolitical landscape; instead, polities were headed by hilltop cities that had smaller satellite communities in their hinterlands. Urban communities included complex systems of contour terraces (terraces following the natural contour of the slope) and lama-bordo terraces (check-dam terraces in adjoining drainages). Given the monumental investment in terracing, scholars have posited that Mixtec cities were centers of agricultural administration and production. This research asks:1. How were Mixtec urban centers structured?2. What functions did contour and lama-bordo terraces serve within the urban system? 3. What impact did Mixtec urban centers and their terracing have on surrounding landscapes?4. Were Mixtec urban centers agrarian? Did Mixtec urban centers like Cerro Jazmin function as centers of agricultural administration and production?A two-phase research program is proposed. The work described here relates to Phase I. Phase I: mapping, intensive survey, and surface collecting at Cerro Jazmin. Mapping will record the extent and layout of the site. Survey and surface collections will identify the various temporal and functional components of the site. A geomorphic survey of the surrounding area will record stratigraphic sequences and collect soil samples to identify and date geomorphic events that can be related to cultural periods of land use change, settlement expansion, and abandonment. Phase II: stratigraphic, exploratory excavations, followed by extensive excavations to investigate the temporal extent and functional differences among different sectors of the site to obtain a holistic view of site structure through time (300 BC-AD 1521). Intellectual merit. The project will contribute to Mesoamerican archaeology and theoretical debates on the nature of early urbanism and its environmental impacts by studying a regionally prominent yet understudied Prehispanic city. It employs a landscape perspective and cutting-edge technology to study the structure of Cerro Jazmin to learn about the site's agricultural function and its environmental impact on the surrounding landscape.Broader impacts. This project will train graduate students from US and Mexican institutions, cultivate a new generation of researchers, foster international collaboration and synergies, and include underrepresented groups in the sciences. It will support efforts to educate the public about archaeology and cultural resource management, especially resources in danger of looting and erosion, like Cerro Jazmin. In addition, the Mixtec environment presents special challenges to farming and is currently losing agricultural soils and people as farmers seek better opportunities elsewhere. Despite of this, the archaeological record shows that Prehispanic communities thrived for millennia. This study is significant in that it investigates: the urban strategies that the ancient Mixtec followed to feed dense populations in a challenging environment. The answer to this question will be of great importance to scholars and Mixtec communities trying to practice agriculture in the region today.