CSR:Small:Kalipers-Deep Energy Inspection of Operating System Components

各类计算机所使用的电力正变得越来越重要。 运行大型服务器操作的成本的一个主要组成部分是电力，而另一方面，笔记本电脑、掌上电脑、平板电脑和其他便携式设备的实用性受到电池的高度限制。为运营提供动力。 计算机使用的功率的一个重要元素是由操作系统，控制计算机的软件燃烧？的操作。 关于不同的操作系统选项对机器的影响知之甚少？的功率预算，由于现有技术在精确测量功率使用和正确地将功率消耗归因于其真实来源方面存在困难。 因此，确定调度算法替代方案、不同形式的存储器管理或由操作系统提供的不同安全选项是否具有好的、坏的或中性的功率影响是困难的。 Kalipers项目将通过使用新技术来解决这个问题，以获得有关重要操作系统组件如何影响机器功率使用的详细可靠信息。Kalipers将通过使用称为LEAP的独特硬件/软件平台的实验计划来实现这一目标。 我们已经构建并测试过的LEAP平台允许对特定代码段进行细粒度的权力分配。 它还测量重要系统组件（如CPU、内存和硬盘驱动器）的不同功耗。 我们将使用LEAP？的能力，以确定操作系统的行动和决策如何影响有强烈需求的平台，以尽量减少其功耗预算的电源使用。我们的实验将集中在三个领域：文件系统，内存管理和安全服务。 我们将研究替代技术（例如不同文件系统的功耗，或软件与硬件的全磁盘加密）。 LEAP技术将使我们能够更深入地研究不同系统组件的功耗，使我们能够阐明ext 3的高功耗在多大程度上是由于其实现细节以及它们在多大程度上是该文件系统的日志性质所固有的。 我们还将重新实现操作系统的关键组件，以演示如何使用我们获得的知识来改进系统？的功耗。

The electrical power used by all classes of computers is becoming of increasing importance. A major component of the cost of running large server operations is power, and, on the other end, the utility of laptops, palmtops, pads, and other portable devices is highly constrained by their batteries? capacity to power operations. One important element of the power used by computers is that burned by the operating system, the software that controls the computer?s operation. Little is known about the impact different operating system options have on a machine?s power budget, due to difficulties with existing technology in precisely measuring power use and correctly ascribing power expended to its true source. Thus, determining if scheduling algorithm alternatives, different forms of memory management, or different security options offered by the operating system have good, bad, or neutral power impacts has been difficult. The Kalipers project will address this issue by using new technology to obtain detailed and reliable information about how important operating system components affect machine power use.Kalipers will achieve this goal through a program of experimentation using a unique hardware/software platform called LEAP. The LEAP platform, which we have already built and tested, allows fine-grained assignments of power use to particular piece of code. It also measures the differing power consumption by important system components, such as the CPU, the memory, and the hard drive. We will use the LEAP?s capabilities to determine how operating system actions and decisions affect the power use of platforms that have strong needs to minimize their power budget.Our experiments will be concentrated in three areas: file systems, memory management, and security services. These are areas we have experience in and where we have reason to believe power savings can be found. We will investigate alternative technologies (such as the power costs of different file systems, or software vs. hardware full disk encryption). The LEAP technology will allow us to dive more deeply into the power costs of different system components, allowing us to shed light on issues like the degree to which higher power costs for ext3 are due to its implementation details and the degree to which they are inherent in the journaling nature of that file system. We will also reimplement key components of the operating system to demonstrate how the knowledge we have gained can be used to improve a system?s power consumption.