Doctoral Dissertation Research in Political Science: Values and Attitudes

政治学博士论文研究：价值观和态度

• 批准号: 1122624
• 负责人: John Aldrich
• 金额: $ 1.2万
• 依托单位: Duke University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-01 至 2012-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1122624&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Political; Science

The aim of this project is to explain fundamental political attitudes as the products of universal values. Anyone attuned to American politics know that the political parties differ in many ways. In social psychology, differences among groups have been explained by differences in fundamental values: basic motivations that construct our world-views. Borrowing from this large literature, this project takes standard measures of universal values developed by Shalon Schwartz (1992) and shows how these values structure political attitudes. While political scientists have long talked about core values, previous research has operationalized concepts like "individualism" with policy-laden questions. Using the values-based questions from the Schwartz Value Inventory, policy is not mentioned, though the construct being measure (on face) is the same.The 56 items that form the Schwartz inventory measure two basic dimensions of human values taht have been verified across multiple cultural and religious settings and have been tested in over 20 languages. In every case, researchers have found the same two motivating dimensions for human values. If values truly motivate political attitudes, the variance should be partially explained by universal values in understanding measures as diverse as partisan identification, conservatism, authoritarianism, and social dominance orientation. This study uses a national sample of undergraduate students and their parents to test the intergenerational transmission of these values, which would help address how partisanship is so highly correlated with parents' partisanship.At the basic level this research can help us understand what really divides Americans across partisan and ideological lines, indentifying differences in fundamental world-views. The broader social value of such research is that understanding the different ways Americans see problems can help all sides better understand each other and move from antagonistic rhetoric to a consciousness of difference.

这个项目的目的是解释基本的政治态度是普世价值观的产物。任何熟悉美国政治的人都知道，各个政党在很多方面都不同。在社会心理学中，群体之间的差异被解释为基本价值观的差异：构建我们世界观的基本动机。这个项目借用了大量文献，采用了Shalon Schwartz(1992)开发的普世价值观的标准衡量标准，并展示了这些价值观是如何构成政治态度的。虽然政治学家长期以来一直在谈论核心价值观，但之前的研究用充满政策的问题来操作“个人主义”等概念。使用Schwartz Value Inventory中基于价值观的问题，没有提到政策，尽管被衡量的结构(表面上)是相同的。组成Schwartz Inventory的56个项目衡量了人类价值观的两个基本维度，这些维度已经在多种文化和宗教环境中得到验证，并已用20多种语言进行测试。在每一种情况下，研究人员都发现了人类价值观的两个相同的激励维度。如果价值观真的推动了政治态度，这种差异应该部分地由普世价值观来解释，这些价值观在理解诸如党派认同、保守主义、威权主义和社会主导取向等不同的衡量标准方面。这项研究使用了全国大学生及其父母的样本来测试这些价值观的代际传递，这将有助于解决党派之争与父母的党派之争是如何高度相关的问题。在基础层面上，这项研究可以帮助我们了解到底是什么让美国人跨越党派和意识形态的界限，识别出基本世界观的差异。这类研究的更广泛的社会价值是，了解美国人看待问题的不同方式，可以帮助各方更好地相互理解，从对立的言辞转向意识上的差异。