Institute for Quantum Information and Matter (IQIM)

量子信息与物质研究所 (IQIM)

• 批准号: 1125565
• 负责人: John Preskill
• 金额: $ 1140万
• 依托单位: California Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Cooperative Agreement
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-10-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1125565&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Institute; Quantum; Information; Matter; IQIM

The Institute for Quantum Information and Matter (IQIM) is a center-level activity that spans Quantum Information Science (QIS), Condensed Matter Physics (CMP), Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics (AMOP), and the emerging field of Mechanical Quantum Systems (MQS). The unifying theme for the IQIM is the exploration of collective quantum phenomena that endow physical systems of many interacting constituents with astonishing properties that in effect transform the weirdness of the microscopic quantum realm to macroscopic scales. The principal motivations for the creation of the IQIM are the extraordinary set of scientific opportunities associated with the study of exotic quantum states of matter and the potential for discovery brought by newly developed tools from Quantum Information Science. The IQIM ties together the diverse Caltech community of researchers, from physics to applied physics, to computer science, who focus on emergent quantum phenomena and provides a sustaining base for the scientific development of a new field of research that will actively involve national and international communities of researchers in QIS, CMP, AMOP, and MQS. By way of extensive programs in education and outreach, the IQIM will impact high school and college education and will engage the general public with the "mind boggling" nature of the quantum realm.It has long been known that individual atoms and electrons, as well as electromagnetic and mechanical oscillators (i.e., photons and phonons), obey laws of quantum physics that in many respects defy common sense. Under the right conditions, interactions among many such quantum objects can lead to remarkable quantum phenomena that have heretofore not existed in nature. Advances to create, characterize, and utilize such exotic quantum phenomena have been made in condensed matter physics (CMP), atomic-molecular-optical physics (AMOP), and at the interface between these areas. In conjunction with parallel developments in quantum information science (QIS), a revolution is underway in the study of exotic quantum systems that is the unifying theme and driving motivation for the IQIM. Progress in the experimental realization and theoretical understanding in this area will surely have profound implications for basic physics. The IQIM will merge insights and analytic tools from QIS with advancing laboratory capabilities in CMP, AMOP, and MQS for the discovery and characterization of exotic quantum states of matter, and will thereby shed light on issues at the core of physics. Eventually, the ability to manipulate exotic quantum systems may lead to new technological capabilities, including methods for designing and exploiting quantum materials.The Institute for Quantum Information and Matter will have the following scientific thrusts:Quantum Information: Investigators at the current NSF-sponsored Institute for Quantum Information (IQI) have made Caltech a recognized world leader in theoretical QIS. IQI faculty are integral members of the IQIM and conduct research that is closely allied to the IQIM, e.g., the application of topological principles to quantum phase transitions and the discovery of universal features of entanglement that that distinguish quantum phases of matter. Research at the IQIM includes investigations of the connections between quantum information science and other aspects of basic physics. IQI scientists will lead the quest to apply insights into the properties of quantum entanglement for the study of quantum many-body systems and quantum phase transitions, as well as to apply quantum information theory to illuminate how information is encoded in spacetimes subject to strong quantum fluctuations. The IQI will also continue its world leading programs on quantum computation and communication.Quantum Many-Body Physics: Caltech has world leading programs in the quantum physics of strongly interacting many-body systems (e.g., superconductors, exotic magnets, strongly correlated electron systems, etc.). Research thrusts in this area will emphasize emergent quantum phenomena, including quantum Hall physics, topological states of matter, exotic magnetic systems, and ultra-cold atomic gases, and with strong connections to powerful theoretical techniques from QIS. These studies will involve some of the most fascinating and puzzling manifestations of many-body quantum mechanics.Quantum Optics: Another area of great strength at Caltech is the study of optical interactions at the level of one atom and photon, where seminal advances in the realization of new paradigms for light-matter interactions by way of micro- and nano-scopic optical cavities have been made. Within IQIM, existing capabilities for quantum control of strong interactions of single atoms and photons will be extended to explore quantum many-body systems composed of 1- and 2-D arrays of atoms whose interactions are mediated by photons in microscopic quantum optical circuits.Quantum Mechanics of Mechanical Systems: Faculty in the IQIM in will build upon recent advances in opto- and electro-mechanics 1) to achieve quantum control of single phonons in simple material systems, thereby enabling lithographic fabrication of quantum many-body systems with phonon mediated interactions, and 2) to create human-sized objects in entangled quantum states within the setting of LIGO.The IQIM has many facets beyond fundamental research to explore exotic quantum states of matter and the interface with QIS. With the end of scalability of conventional silicon-based information technology on the horizon, it is vitally important to explore aggressively new paradigms for information technology. By attracting and training top students and postdoctoral scholars in QIS, CMP, AMOP, and MQS, the IQIM will significantly strengthen the US presence in these areas and will broaden the nation's technical base. A particularly important aspect of the IQIM?s broader impact is a vibrant visitor program, which fuels intellectual excitement, facilitates collaborations and exchanges of scientific ideas, and performs a highly valued service for national and international communities at the interfaces of QIS, CMP, AMOP, and MQS. The IQIM will also undertake extensive programs for outreach and the development of human resources. The goal is to use the public's fascination with the mysteries of the quantum realm to engage a broad community in basic science and education. Activities include the following:The Caltech Precollege Science Initiative (CAPSI )- In collaboration with CAPSI, IQIM will develop high school curricula for one to two week instructional modules related to the scientific activities of the Institute, Summer internships for high school teachers and students from multiethnic LA regional high schools,Caltech MURF program for undergraduate research experience of minority students in IQIM laboratories,Disseminating science via a science and entertainment partnership in collaboration with The Science and Entertainment Exchange (SEE),Development of university curricula related to IQIM fields of research,Public presentations via the Caltech Watson Lectures and YouTube videos.These activities will be accessible via an interactive IQIM website.Funding is provided by the Division of Physics in the Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences and the Division of Computing and Communication Foundations in the Directorate for Computer and Information Science and Engineering.

量子信息与物质研究所（IQIM）是一个跨越量子信息科学（QIS），凝聚态物理（CMP），原子，分子和光学物理（AMOP）以及机械量子系统（MQS）新兴领域的中心级活动。IQIM的统一主题是对集体量子现象的探索，这些现象赋予了许多相互作用成分的物理系统以惊人的特性，这些特性实际上将微观量子领域的怪异转变为宏观尺度。创建IQIM的主要动机是与物质的奇异量子态研究相关的一系列非凡的科学机会，以及量子信息科学新开发的工具带来的发现潜力。IQIM将加州理工学院从物理学到应用物理学到计算机科学的不同研究人员联系在一起，他们专注于新兴量子现象，并为一个新的研究领域的科学发展提供了一个持续的基础，该领域将积极参与QIS， CMP， AMOP和MQS的国家和国际研究人员社区。通过广泛的教育和推广计划，IQIM将影响高中和大学教育，并将使公众参与量子领域“令人难以置信”的本质。人们早就知道，单个原子和电子，以及电磁振荡器和机械振荡器（即光子和声子），都遵循量子物理定律，而这些定律在许多方面都违背了常识。在适当的条件下，许多这样的量子物体之间的相互作用可以导致迄今为止在自然界中不存在的显著量子现象。在凝聚态物理（CMP）、原子-分子-光学物理（AMOP）以及这些领域之间的界面上，已经取得了创造、表征和利用这些奇异量子现象的进展。与量子信息科学（QIS）的平行发展相结合，奇异量子系统的研究正在进行一场革命，这是IQIM的统一主题和驱动动机。这一领域的实验实现和理论认识的进展必将对基础物理学产生深远的影响。IQIM将把QIS的见解和分析工具与先进的CMP、AMOP和MQS实验室能力相结合，用于发现和表征物质的奇异量子态，从而阐明物理学的核心问题。最终，操纵奇异量子系统的能力可能会带来新的技术能力，包括设计和开发量子材料的方法。量子信息与物质研究所将有以下科学重点：量子信息：目前美国国家科学基金会（nsf）资助的量子信息研究所（IQI）的研究人员使加州理工学院成为理论量子信息领域公认的世界领导者。IQI的教职员工是IQIM不可或缺的成员，并开展与IQIM密切相关的研究，例如，拓扑原理在量子相变中的应用，以及发现区分物质量子相的纠缠的普遍特征。IQIM的研究包括调查量子信息科学与基础物理学其他方面之间的联系。IQI的科学家们将领导对量子纠缠特性的探索，将其应用于量子多体系统和量子相变的研究，以及应用量子信息理论来阐明信息是如何在受强量子波动影响的时空中编码的。IQI还将继续其在量子计算和通信方面的世界领先项目。量子多体物理：加州理工学院在强相互作用多体系统（如超导体、奇异磁体、强相关电子系统等）的量子物理方面拥有世界领先的项目。该领域的研究重点将强调新兴量子现象，包括量子霍尔物理、物质的拓扑状态、奇异磁系统和超冷原子气体，并与量子信息系统强大的理论技术紧密联系。这些研究将涉及到多体量子力学中一些最迷人和最令人费解的表现。量子光学：加州理工学院的另一个强大领域是在一个原子和光子水平上的光相互作用的研究，在通过微观和纳米级光学腔实现光-物质相互作用的新范式方面取得了开创性的进展。在IQIM中，现有的单原子和光子强相互作用的量子控制能力将被扩展到探索由一维和二维原子阵列组成的量子多体系统，这些原子阵列的相互作用由微观量子光学电路中的光子介导。机械系统的量子力学：IQIM的教师将以光电力学的最新进展为基础，1)实现简单材料系统中单个声子的量子控制，从而实现声子介导相互作用的量子多体系统的光刻制造，2)在LIGO的设置中创建纠缠量子态的人类大小的物体。IQIM有许多超越基础研究的方面，探索物质的奇异量子态和与QIS的接口。随着传统硅基信息技术可扩展性的终结，积极探索信息技术的新范式至关重要。通过吸引和培养QIS、CMP、AMOP和MQS的顶尖学生和博士后学者，IQIM将大大加强美国在这些领域的存在，并将扩大美国的技术基础。IQIM特别重要的一个方面是什么？其更广泛的影响是一个充满活力的访客计划，它激发了智力的兴奋，促进了科学思想的合作和交流，并在QIS， CMP， AMOP和MQS的接口为国内和国际社区提供了高度重视的服务。IQIM还将承担广泛的外联和人力资源开发计划。其目标是利用公众对量子领域奥秘的迷恋，让基础科学和教育领域的广大社区参与进来。活动包括：加州理工学院大学预科科学计划(CAPSI)-与CAPSI合作，IQIM将开发与学院科学活动相关的一到两周的高中课程教学模块。为来自洛杉矶多民族地区高中的高中教师和学生提供暑期实习机会，加州理工学院为少数民族学生提供在IQIM实验室进行本科研究的经验，通过与科学与娱乐交流（SEE）合作的科学和娱乐伙伴关系传播科学，开发与IQIM研究领域相关的大学课程，通过加州理工学院沃森讲座和YouTube视频进行公开演讲。这些活动将通过交互式IQIM网站进行访问。经费由数学和物理科学理事会的物理司以及计算机和信息科学与工程理事会的计算和通信基础司提供。