RAPID: Continuation of U.S. GEOTRACES North Atlantic Section: CFC and SF6 Measurements

2010年10月，美国GEOTRACES北大西洋战役巡航从里斯本乘坐R/V/ Knorr号出发。 不幸的是，在中途，推进系统出现了问题，巡航不得不中止。克诺尔号前往南卡罗来纳州查尔斯顿的一家造船厂进行维修，在那里卸下科学设备和样本，然后运回各个科学家的各个家庭机构。该项目涉及最初通过ARRA奖资助的一名调查员参与北大西洋活动的努力-在2011年11月恢复实地项目时恢复一组基本观察。 在快速反应研究基金（RAPID）的支持下，拉蒙特-道格拉斯地球观测站的一个研究小组将测量沿着2011年秋季之前中止的美国GEOTRACES北大西洋断面的CFC-11、CFC-12和SF6分布。 他们将使用这些数据来识别北大西洋水团最近通风的核心，估计这些水团从其源区的过境时间，并估计氧气消耗率和使用过境时间信息测量的选定微量元素的生产或分解率。 这些测量对于理解平流、混合和水团形成的物理过程如何影响海洋中微量元素和同位素的分布至关重要。不断变化的CFC和SF6在海洋中的分布对这些过程提供了强有力的限制。GEOTRACES计划中的CFC和SF6测量将GEOTRACES数据置于这些巡航中CFC/SF6测量所建立的大规模通风模式的背景下。更广泛的影响。 除了为GEOTRACES项目提供关于通风和过境时间的信息外，这次航行收集的氟氯化碳和六氟化硫数据还将扩大北大西洋瞬态示踪剂数据库。这些数据将根据NSF的指导方针广泛传播给研究界。计划在2010 - 2012年期间对北大西洋进行几次气候变化和气候变化评估航行，GEOTRACES航行将增加对氟氯化碳和六氟化硫的监测。这个数据库的时间演变的CFC和SF6浓度在北大西洋中的海洋在全球气候和全球CO2循环的作用的研究。它用于验证海洋环流模型，并量化海洋中人为二氧化碳的吸收和储存。这种信息对于社会就应对气候变化的政策作出正确的决定至关重要。

The U.S. GEOTRACES North Atlantic campaign cruise was launched from Lisbon on the R/V/ Knorr in October, 2010. Unfortunately, in mid-course, a problem with the propulsion system developed, and the cruise had to be aborted. The Knorr went to a shipyard in Charleston, SC for repairs where scientific equipment and samples were offloaded there and shipped back to the various home institutions of the various scientists. This project addresses the efforts of one investigator originally funded through an ARRA award to participate in the North Atlantic campaign -- to resume a set of essential observations when the field program resumes in November, 2011. With support through a Grant for Rapid Response Research (RAPID), a research team at the Lamont-Dougherty earth Observatory will measure the CFC-11, CFC-12 and SF6 distributions along the autumn 2011 continuation of the previously aborted US GEOTRACES North Atlantic transect. They will use these data to identify the most recently ventilated cores of the North Atlantic water masses, to estimate transit times of these water masses from their source regions, and to estimate oxygen consumption rates and rates of production or decomposition of selected trace elements measured on this program using the transit time information. Such measurements are critically important to understanding how the physical processes of advection, mixing, and water mass formation affect the distributions of trace elements and isotopes in the ocean. The evolving CFC and SF6 distributions in the ocean provide strong constraints on these processes. Measurement of CFCs and SF6 on the GEOTRACES program places the GEOTRACES data in the context of large scale ventilation patterns established by CFC/SF6 measurements on these cruises. Broader Impacts. In addition to providing information on ventilation and transit times for the GEOTRACES project, the CFC and SF6 data collected on this cruise will also expand the transient tracer data base for the North Atlantic Ocean. The data will be disseminated widely to the research community following NSF guidelines. Several CLIVAR cruises to the North Atlantic are planned for the 2010 - 2012 time period, and the GEOTRACES cruise will increase the coverage for CFCs and SF6. This database of the temporally evolving CFC and SF6 concentrations in the North Atlantic Ocean is used in studies of the role of the ocean in global climate and the global CO2 cycle. It is used to validate models of ocean circulation and to quantify the uptake and storage of anthropogenic CO2 in the ocean. Such information is critical for society to make sound decisions on policies to deal with climate change.