RAPID: Continuation of U.S. GEOTRACES North Atlantic Section: CFC and SF6 Measurements

2010年10月，在里斯本的R/V/Knorr号上，美国GeoTraces北大西洋活动邮轮下水。不幸的是，在中途，推进系统出现了问题，巡航不得不中止。Knorr号前往南卡罗来纳州查尔斯顿的一家造船厂进行维修，那里的科学设备和样品被卸在那里，并被运回不同科学家的家乡机构。该项目介绍了一名最初由ARRA奖励资助的研究人员参与北大西洋行动的努力--在2011年11月现场计划恢复时恢复一组重要的观测。在快速反应研究赠款(RAPID)的支持下，拉蒙特-多尔蒂地球观测站的一个研究小组将测量2011年秋季之前中止的美国地质调查局北大西洋样带沿线的CFC-11、CFC-12和SF6分布。他们将使用这些数据来识别北大西洋水团最近通风的核心，估计这些水团从它们的源头地区经过的时间，并使用经过时间信息估计耗氧率和在该计划上测量的选定微量元素的产生或分解速度。这种测量对于理解平流、混合和水团形成的物理过程如何影响海洋中微量元素和同位素的分布至关重要。海洋中不断变化的氯氟化碳和六氟化硫分布对这些过程构成了强有力的限制。在GEOTRACES计划上对CFCs和SF6的测量将GEOTRACES的数据放在这些巡航上通过CFCs/SF6测量建立的大范围通风模式的背景下。更广泛的影响。除了为GEOTRACES项目提供通风和过境时间的信息外，这次巡航收集的氟氯化碳和SF6数据还将扩大北大西洋的瞬时示踪剂数据库。这些数据将按照国家科学基金会的指导方针广泛传播给研究界。计划在2010-2012年期间进行几次前往北大西洋的CLIVAR邮轮，GEOTRACES邮轮将扩大对氟氯化碳和SF6的覆盖范围。这一北大西洋氟氯化碳和SF6浓度随时间演变的数据库用于研究海洋在全球气候和全球二氧化碳循环中的作用。它用于验证海洋环流模型，并量化海洋中人为二氧化碳的吸收和储存。这些信息对于社会就应对气候变化的政策做出合理决策至关重要。

The U.S. GEOTRACES North Atlantic campaign cruise was launched from Lisbon on the R/V/ Knorr in October, 2010. Unfortunately, in mid-course, a problem with the propulsion system developed, and the cruise had to be aborted. The Knorr went to a shipyard in Charleston, SC for repairs where scientific equipment and samples were offloaded there and shipped back to the various home institutions of the various scientists. This project addresses the efforts of one investigator originally funded through an ARRA award to participate in the North Atlantic campaign -- to resume a set of essential observations when the field program resumes in November, 2011. With support through a Grant for Rapid Response Research (RAPID), a research team at the Lamont-Dougherty earth Observatory will measure the CFC-11, CFC-12 and SF6 distributions along the autumn 2011 continuation of the previously aborted US GEOTRACES North Atlantic transect. They will use these data to identify the most recently ventilated cores of the North Atlantic water masses, to estimate transit times of these water masses from their source regions, and to estimate oxygen consumption rates and rates of production or decomposition of selected trace elements measured on this program using the transit time information. Such measurements are critically important to understanding how the physical processes of advection, mixing, and water mass formation affect the distributions of trace elements and isotopes in the ocean. The evolving CFC and SF6 distributions in the ocean provide strong constraints on these processes. Measurement of CFCs and SF6 on the GEOTRACES program places the GEOTRACES data in the context of large scale ventilation patterns established by CFC/SF6 measurements on these cruises. Broader Impacts. In addition to providing information on ventilation and transit times for the GEOTRACES project, the CFC and SF6 data collected on this cruise will also expand the transient tracer data base for the North Atlantic Ocean. The data will be disseminated widely to the research community following NSF guidelines. Several CLIVAR cruises to the North Atlantic are planned for the 2010 - 2012 time period, and the GEOTRACES cruise will increase the coverage for CFCs and SF6. This database of the temporally evolving CFC and SF6 concentrations in the North Atlantic Ocean is used in studies of the role of the ocean in global climate and the global CO2 cycle. It is used to validate models of ocean circulation and to quantify the uptake and storage of anthropogenic CO2 in the ocean. Such information is critical for society to make sound decisions on policies to deal with climate change.