GSE/RES: Trends in the Determinants of Gender Segregation Across STEM Majors, 1976 - 2006

GSE/RES：STEM 专业性别隔离决定因素的趋势，1976 年至 2006 年

• 批准号: 1135727
• 负责人: Linda Sax
• 金额: $ 52.5万
• 依托单位: University of California-Los Angeles
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-11-01 至 2015-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1135727&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: GSE; RES; Trends; Determinants; Gender

Intellectual Merit: The University of California Los Angeles is conducting a study using national data on entering college students over the past three decades to advance understanding of the characteristics of women and men who pursue specific STEM majors and how those characteristics vary across STEM fields and over time. This study uses data from the Cooperative Institutional Research Program (CIRP) Freshman Survey, a national longitudinal study of entering college students conducted by UCLA's Higher Education Research Institute. The instrument includes dozens of relevant measures, including: self-ratings of academic and mathematical abilities, high school academic achievement and preparation, major choice, academic and career goals, life goals, value orientations, and demographic background. This study takes a unique approach by: (a) disaggregating results by gender and STEM field; (b) incorporating data from over three decades; and (c) using regression decomposition, a statistical method used primarily in economics and sociology, to understand the nature of such changes.Broader Impacts: Knowledge about the characteristics of who chooses particular STEM majors and how those characteristics have changed over time is critical to inform and improve efforts to recruit a diverse population of women and men into the STEM workforce. Prior research has identified key factors affecting college women's persistent underrepresentation in STEM fields including preparation, values, psychological factors, and structural barriers. What remains unknown is whether the determinants of STEM interest have changed over time and in different ways for women and men. Further, there is limited understanding of how determinants of participation differ by specific STEM field, a question of particular importance given that the gender gap in participation ranges from severe (engineering and computer science) to minimal (biological sciences). Project visibility will be enhanced through the production of a professional-quality executive summary, final report, and five discipline-specific reports, available on two high-traffic websites: the Higher Education Research Institute and the Sudikoff Family Institute for Education & New Media.

智力优势：加州洛杉矶大学正在进行一项研究，使用过去三十年来进入大学的学生的全国数据，以促进对追求特定STEM专业的女性和男性的特征以及这些特征如何在STEM领域和随着时间的推移而变化的理解。这项研究使用的数据来自合作机构研究计划（CIRP）新生调查，一个全国性的纵向研究进入大学的学生进行了加州大学洛杉矶分校的高等教育研究所。该工具包括几十个相关的措施，包括：学业和数学能力的自我评级，高中学业成绩和准备，专业选择，学术和职业目标，生活目标，价值取向和人口背景。这项研究采用了一种独特的方法：（a）按性别和STEM领域分列结果;（B）纳入三十多年来的数据;（c）使用回归分解，这是一种主要用于经济学和社会学的统计方法，以了解这种变化的性质。了解选择特定STEM专业的人的特征以及这些特征如何随着时间的推移而变化，对于提供信息和改进至关重要努力招募不同的女性和男性人口加入STEM劳动力队伍。先前的研究已经确定了影响大学女性在STEM领域持续代表性不足的关键因素，包括准备，价值观，心理因素和结构性障碍。目前尚不清楚的是，对STEM感兴趣的决定因素是否随着时间的推移而发生了变化，而且男女的变化方式不同。此外，人们对参与的决定因素如何因具体的STEM领域而异的理解有限，这一问题特别重要，因为参与方面的性别差距从严重（工程和计算机科学）到最小（生物科学）不等。 将通过编制一份专业质量的执行摘要、最后报告和五份具体学科的报告来提高项目的知名度，这些报告可在两个访问量大的网站上查阅：高等教育研究所和苏迪科夫家庭教育新媒体研究所。