CPS: Medium: Collaborative Research: Efficient Mapping and Management of Applications onto Cyber-Physical Systems

CPS：媒介：协作研究：网络物理系统上的应用程序的高效映射和管理

• 批准号: 1135874
• 负责人: Pei Zhang
• 金额: $ 39.2万
• 依托单位: Carnegie-Mellon University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-01 至 2015-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1135874&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CPS; Medium; Collaborative; Research; Efficient

The computing landscape is a richly-heterogeneous space including both fixed and mobile nodes with a large variety of sensing, actuation and computational capabilities (including mobile devices, home electronics, taxis, robotic drones, etc.). Cyber-physical applications built on these devices have the potential to gather data on, analyze, and adapt to or control a range of environments. The challenge, however, is that Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) are difficult to program, and even more difficult to incorporate from one deployment to another, or to dynamically manage as nodes availability changes. Thus, CPS applications are too often programmed in a brittle fashion that impedes their ability to efficiently use available compute/sense/actuate resources beyond a one-shot deployment. In response, this project is improving CPS design and control in four primary thrusts. First, the project is developing CPSISA, an abstraction layer or intermediate representation to facilitate CPS applications expressing their compute/sense/actuate requirements to lower-level mapping and management layers. Second, the project is exploring methods of providing a Device Attribute Catalog (DAC) that summarizes a region?s available CPS nodes and their capabilities. Third, this research is improving and exploiting the ability to model, predict, and control the mobility of CPS nodes. When some CPS nodes are mobile, the accuracy and performance of a CPS application fundamentally is a function of where nodes will be positioned at any moment in time. This work exploits both static statistical coverage analysis and dynamic prediction and interpolation. Fourth, using CPSISA, DAC, and other resources as input, the team is developing tools to statically or dynamically optimize mappings of CPS applications onto available resources. To test ideas in a detailed and concrete manner, two applications are being studied and deployed. First, the FireGuide application for emergency response assistance uses groups of mobile/robotic nodes for guiding first responders in building fires. Second, a Regional Traffic Management (RTM) application demonstrates ideas at the regional level and will explore CPS scenarios for automobile traffic sensing and dynamic toll pricing. The proposed research program has the potential for broad societal impact. Studies that improve how building emergencies are handled will improve emergency response safety both for occupants and for first responders around the country. Likewise, the deployment plans regarding regional traffic management will improve traffic patterns, fuel efficiency and quality-of-life for commuters across the United States. The research team is distributing the CPSISA, CPSMap, and CPSDyn software frameworks to allow other researchers and developers to make use of them. Extensive industry collaborations foster effective technology transfer. Finally, the project continues and broadens the PIs? prior track records for undergraduate research advising and for mentoring women students and members of under-represented minority groups.

计算领域是一个丰富的异构空间，包括具有各种各样的感测、致动和计算能力的固定和移动的节点（包括移动的设备、家用电子产品、出租车、机器人无人机等）。 构建在这些设备上的网络物理应用程序有可能收集数据，分析和适应或控制一系列环境。 然而，挑战在于，网络物理系统（CPS）难以编程，甚至更难以从一个部署并入另一个部署，或者随着节点可用性的变化而动态管理。 因此，CPS应用程序经常以脆弱的方式编程，这阻碍了它们在一次性部署之外有效使用可用计算/感测/致动资源的能力。作为回应，该项目正在改进四个主要推力的CPS设计和控制。首先，该项目正在开发CPSISA，一个抽象层或中间表示，以促进CPS应用程序表达他们的计算/感测/致动要求，以较低级别的映射和管理层。其次，该项目正在探索提供设备属性目录（DAC）的方法，总结了一个地区？的可用CPS节点及其功能。第三，这项研究是提高和利用的能力，模型，预测和控制CPS节点的移动性。当一些CPS节点是移动的时，CPS应用的准确性和性能基本上是节点在任何时刻将被定位在何处的函数。 这项工作利用静态统计覆盖分析和动态预测和插值。第四，使用CPSISA、DAC和其他资源作为输入，该团队正在开发工具来静态或动态地优化CPS应用程序到可用资源的映射。为了以详细和具体的方式测试想法，正在研究和部署两个应用程序。 首先，用于紧急响应援助的FireGuide应用程序使用移动的/机器人节点组来指导建筑物火灾中的第一响应者。 第二，区域交通管理（RTM）应用程序展示了区域层面的想法，并将探索汽车交通传感和动态收费定价的CPS场景。 拟议的研究计划具有广泛的社会影响的潜力。 改善建筑物紧急情况处理方式的研究将提高全国居民和第一反应人员的应急安全。 同样，关于区域交通管理的部署计划将改善美国各地通勤者的交通模式、燃油效率和生活质量。研究团队正在分发CPSISA，CPSMap和CPSDyn软件框架，以允许其他研究人员和开发人员使用它们。广泛的行业合作促进有效的技术转让。最后，该项目继续并扩大了PI？在本科生研究咨询和指导女学生和代表性不足的少数群体成员方面的以往记录。