RAPID: Impact of Debris Generated from the 11 March 2011 Tohoku, Japan Tsunami

这笔赠款用于快速反应研究(RAPID)，目的是评估海啸事件产生的碎片类型，并量化由此对建筑物造成的冲击破坏。为了实现这一目标，来自利哈伊大学、俄勒冈州立大学、夏威夷大学和日本名古屋大学的研究人员团队将对2011年3月11日东北海啸淹没的日本本州东北海岸进行实地考察。研究小组将获取关于海啸产生的碎片的现场数据，记录对日本建筑物的影响案例，并使用这些现场数据来验证由国家科学基金会支持的关于海啸产生的碎片影响的正在进行的实验和分析研究项目的结果。这项研究将评估沿海社区典型的碎片需求的类型和大小，评估由于撞击事件而产生的结构破坏模式，并验证作为国家科学基金会正在进行的研究的一部分而开发的模型。该研究小组还将与教科文组织领导的国际海啸调查小组进行协调。从拟议的研究中获得的知识将用于加强美国基础设施法规建议和存在海啸威胁的沿海社区的设计实践。碎屑类型的识别对于确定潜在的设计载荷至关重要。视频片段和事后图像显示，东北地震产生了一系列碎片，从木头、车辆和集装箱，到整个房屋和船只。对某一区域可能产生的碎片的大小和类型进行评估，对于制定设计建议至关重要。此外，撞击事件的发生不一定与所有类型的碎片有关，一些结构系统可能对一种撞击需求更为敏感。这些问题将通过在日本进行的实地研究来量化。

The objective of this grant for rapid response research (RAPID) is to assess the type of debris generated by tsunami events and quantify the resulting impact damage to structures. To achieve this objective, a field investigation of the northeast coast of Honshu, Japan, inundated by the 11 March 2011 Tohoku tsunami, will be conducted by a team of researchers from Lehigh University, Oregon State University, University of Hawaii, and Japan's Nagoya University. The research team will acquire field data on tsunami generated debris, document cases of impact on structures in Japan, and use this field data to validate results of an ongoing experimental and analytical NSF-supported research project on tsunami generated debris impact. The research will assess the type and size of debris demands typical for coastal communities, assess structural damage patterns generated as a result of impact events, and validate models developed as part of the ongoing NSF-supported study. This research team will also coordinate with the UNESCO-led International Tsunami Survey Team. The knowledge gained from the proposed research will be used for enhancement of U.S. infrastructure code recommendations and design practice for coastal communities where the threat of a tsunami event exists. Identification of debris type is critical for determination of potential design loads. Video footage and post-event images indicate that the Tohoku event generated a spectrum of debris ranging from wood, vehicles, and shipping containers, to entire houses and ships. Assessment of what size and type of debris is likely in a given region is critical for the development of design recommendations. In addition, the occurrence of impact events may not be associated with all types of debris, and some structural systems may be more sensitive to a type of impact demand. These issues will be quantified with the field studies conducted in Japan.