EAR-PF: Characterizing small changes in the Earth from time-reversed multiply-scattered Rayleigh waves

EAR-PF：通过时间反转多重散射瑞利波表征地球的微小变化

• 批准号: 1144883
• 负责人: Thomas Mikesell
• 金额: $ 17万
• 依托单位: Mikesell Thomas D
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship Award
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-06-01 至 2015-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1144883&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: EAR; PF; Characterizing; small; changes

Dr. Dylan Mikesell has been awarded an NSF Earth Sciences Postdoctoral Fellowship to develop an integrated research and education plan at the Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Science Department at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Current passive seismic methods rely heavily on a priori velocity models to accurately quantify and locate small velocity changes. This project aims to theoretically extend a 1D acoustic wave method to 2D elastic waves. We borrow from recent multiple scattering studies, which use incoherent reflections to locate isolated changes in a 1D medium. These waves are called incoherent reflections because there is no acoustic impedance contrast between the isolated change and the background medium. With this approach we eliminate the need for a priori velocity information. Furthermore, the input data for this new method borrow from recent seismic noise studies. We will use Green's functions derived from multi-component seismic noise crosscorrelations. This approach ensures that we use surface waves, which dominate the seismic noise field and propagate in 2D rather than 3D.We will test the new method with laboratory experiments and then monitor a recent eruption at Pavlof Volcano, Alaska.In all fields of Earth science we seek methods to characterize potential hazards. Detecting geologic changes using seismic waves is a useful tool for understanding a range of phenomena in the Earth's subsurface, which in turn help us to better understand hazards themselves. Seismic waves are sensitive to changes in Earth properties, in particular seismic wave speed, which is related to more fundamental properties such as density and stiffness. Over the past decade, methods using multiply scattered seismic waves (i.e., waves that reflect more than once from subsurface heterogeneities) have been developed and applied to detect small subsurface velocity changes. These methods have shown promise for detecting real-time changes; however, obstacles remain and there is room for improvement. This project expands upon recent developments that link these multiple-scattering techniques to time-reversal techniques in order to exploit the ability of the Earth to re-focus waves, allowing us to locate small subsurface velocity changes with less reliance on our a priori knowledge of subsurface parameters. This project has potential applications in monitoring changes in volcanoes over time (as well as monitoring other heterogeneous materials) and pre- and post-earthquake changes along active seismic faults. More generally, it has the potential to impact the fields of nondestructive material testing and medical imaging. Over the course of the project, Dr. Mikesell will work with MIT's K12 outreach center to develop STEM content focused on seismic hazards. Using local classrooms and informal learning centers, undergraduate and graduate students will have the opportunity to deliver this content, thus developing their communication skills with non-technical audiences.

迪伦·米凯塞尔博士被授予美国国家科学基金会地球科学博士后奖学金，在麻省理工学院地球、大气和行星科学系制定综合研究和教育计划。目前的被动地震方法在很大程度上依赖先验速度模型来准确地量化和定位微小的速度变化。本项目的目的是从理论上将一维声波方法推广到二维弹性波。我们借鉴了最近的多次散射研究，这些研究使用非相干反射来定位一维介质中的孤立变化。这些波被称为非相干反射，因为在孤立的变化和背景介质之间没有声阻抗对比。用这种方法，我们消除了对先验速度信息的需要。此外，这种新方法的输入数据借鉴了最近的地震噪声研究。我们将使用从多分量地震噪声互相关导出的格林函数。这种方法确保我们使用面波，它主导着地震噪声场，在2D而不是3D传播。我们将通过实验室实验测试新方法，然后监测最近在阿拉斯加州巴甫洛夫火山的喷发。在地球科学的所有领域，我们都在寻找方法来表征潜在的危险。利用地震波探测地质变化是了解地球地下一系列现象的有用工具，这反过来又有助于我们更好地了解灾害本身。地震波对地球性质的变化很敏感，特别是地震波速，这与密度和刚度等更基本的性质有关。在过去的十年里，使用多次散射地震波(即从地下非均质性反射一次以上的波)的方法已经被开发并应用于探测地下微小的速度变化。这些方法在检测实时变化方面显示出了希望；然而，障碍依然存在，还有改进的空间。该项目扩展了将这些多次散射技术与时间反转技术联系起来的最新发展，以利用地球重新聚焦波的能力，使我们能够在较少依赖我们对地下参数的先验知识的情况下定位微小的地下速度变化。该项目在监测火山随时间的变化(以及监测其他非均质物质)以及地震活动断层上地震前后的变化方面具有潜在的应用价值。更广泛地说，它有可能影响无损材料测试和医学成像领域。在项目过程中，米凯塞尔博士将与麻省理工学院的K12推广中心合作，开发以地震危害为重点的STEM内容。利用当地的课堂和非正式学习中心，本科生和研究生将有机会讲授这些内容，从而培养他们与非技术类受众的沟通技能。