Integration of Odor Stimulus Features during Olfactory Processing

嗅觉处理过程中气味刺激特征的整合

• 批准号: 1147233
• 负责人: Neil Vickers
• 金额: $ 42.5万
• 依托单位: University of Utah
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-03-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1147233&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Integration; Odor; Stimulus; Features; during

Airborne chemicals (odors) present in the environment provide a valuable source of information for animals about the suitability of food, potential mates and habitats, as well as threats such as the presence of predators. The olfactory system equips animals with the ability to detect and assess the chemical nature of their surroundings and adjust their behavior appropriately. Single odors are often complex chemical mixtures that occur together because they are released from a defined source. However, a single odor does not occur in isolation--it is intermingled with other odors in the background. This project seeks to understand the mechanisms by which the brain picks out and recognizes individual odors against a noisy backdrop. Recordings will be made from single neurons in the olfactory centers of the moth brain while manipulating the presentation of odors to the antenna (nose) of the insect. The results will provide new insights about the mechanisms by which odor information is represented by the brain and how this contributes to the recognition of complex odors as cohesive 'objects'. In addition to contributing to the basic understanding of how the sense of smell works, it is also expected that the use of pest insects, as the study system, may provide novel insights useful to the agricultural community in monitoring or disrupting insect behavior. Insects are excellent tools for introducing and engaging K-12 school children in the scientific process and such appropriate activities will form a part of the current project. High school students and undergraduates will also participate in this project.

环境中存在的空气中的化学物质（气味）为动物提供了有关食物适宜性、潜在配偶和栖息地以及捕食者存在等威胁的宝贵信息来源。嗅觉系统使动物能够检测和评估周围环境的化学性质并适当调整其行为。 单一气味通常是复杂的化学混合物，它们一起出现，因为它们是从确定的来源释放的。 然而，单一气味并不是孤立出现的——它与背景中的其他气味混合在一起。该项目旨在了解大脑在嘈杂的背景下挑选和识别个体气味的机制。 记录将由蛾脑嗅觉中心的单个神经元进行，同时操纵昆虫触角（鼻子）的气味呈现。 研究结果将为大脑表示气味信息的机制以及这如何有助于将复杂的气味识别为有凝聚力的“物体”提供新的见解。 除了有助于对嗅觉如何发挥作用的基本理解之外，还预计使用害虫作为研究系统可以为农业界监测或破坏昆虫行为提供有用的新见解。 昆虫是让 K-12 学童参与科学过程的绝佳工具，此类适当的活动将成为当前项目的一部分。高中生和本科生也将参与该项目。