Characterizing odor motion detection in flies

描述苍蝇气味运动检测的特征

• 批准号: 10717167
• 负责人: Damon Alistair Clark
• 金额: $ 188.79万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-08-01 至 2026-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10717167
• 关键词: Adopted; Affect; Air Movements; Alzheimer' s Disease; Animals; Back; Behavior; Behavioral; Bilateral; Biological Assay; Brain; Brain Diseases; Caenorhabditis elegans; Calcium; Complex; Conflict (Psychology); Cues; Dependence; Detection; Diagnosis; Diffusion; Drosophila genus; Drosophila melanogaster; Environment; Environmental Wind; Exhibits; Filament; Goals; Head; Human; Image; Impairment; Insecta; Ions; Knowledge; Label; Maps; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Modality; Modeling; Motion; Neurodegenerative Disorders; Neurons; Odors; Olfactory Pathways; Olfactory Receptor Neurons; Parkinson Disease; Positioning Attribute; Property; Punishment; Research; Rewards; Role; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Smell Perception; Source; Speed; Training; Vision; Visual Motion; Walking; behavior influence; behavior measurement; behavioral response; computer framework; connectome; detector; experimental study; fly; insight; mathematical model; neural; neural circuit; neurogenetics; neuromechanism; neuronal circuitry; neurotransmission; novel; optogenetics; response; sensory input; source guides; spatiotemporal; statistics; virtual

Many animals rely on their ability to navigate to the source of airborne odor plumes for survival. Studies dating back a century have shown that insects combine mechanosensory and olfactory cues to navigate, surging upwind when detecting odor but go crosswind or downwind when losing the signal. They also use bilateral information from their two antennae to turn toward higher odor concentrations. We recently discovered that in addition to wind direction and odor gradient, fruit flies detect the direction of motion of odors, independent of the wind. Using optogenetics to decouple odor signal from wind, we found that flies detect odor motion using the temporal correlations of the odor signal between their two antennae, suggesting similarities with motion detection in vision. Manipulating spatio-temporal correlations in virtual odor signals demonstrated that flies indeed exploit odor motion when navigating odor plumes. The finding that Drosophila melanogaster can ‘smell’ odor motion suggests a novel role for bilateral sensing in olfaction and raises the following questions for the field: 1) How is odor motion — a previously unappreciated olfactory directional cue — integrated with other directional cues to drive olfactory navigation? 2) What are the inputs to the odor motion detector and how does odor valence modulate behavioral response to odor motion? 3) What neural circuits and computations mediate odor motion detection and how do they compare to those that mediate visual motion detection? We will address these questions by combining optogenetic stimulation, neuron activity measurements, and neurogenetic silencing with the behavioral and computational framework we used to discover odor motion sensing. With this platform we can control, measure, and perturb real odor and virtual odor signals in closed- and open-loop, during olfactory navigation of freely walking flies. Drosophila is perfectly suited to pursue these goals because of 1) the current knowledge of the neural circuit of the olfactory periphery and increasingly of downstream olfactory centers, and the availability of a connectome; and (2) the ability to selectively measure and manipulate the activity of neural circuits involved in sensory processing and integration. The finding that flies use odor motion detection to enhance odor-guided navigation reveals important gaps in our understanding of olfactory navigation. The proposed research will close these gaps by characterizing how flies integrate odor motion with other cues to direct olfactory behavior, and by uncovering the neural circuits and computations that mediate odor motion detection. More broadly, these findings will advance our understanding of neuronal circuit computations by allowing us to compare circuits that compute motion across the modalities of olfaction and vision, which derive these signals from inputs with very different statistics and use them for different navigational purposes.

许多动物依靠自己的能力导航到空气中气味羽流的来源生存。研究日期 早在世纪，就有研究表明，昆虫通过联合收割机的机械感觉和嗅觉来导航， 当探测到气味时逆风，但当失去信号时逆风或顺风。他们还使用双边 从它们的两个触角获得的信息转向更高的气味浓度。我们最近发现， 除了风向和气味梯度外，果蝇还能独立于气味的运动方向， 风使用光遗传学将气味信号与风分离，我们发现苍蝇使用 它们的两个触角之间气味信号的时间相关性，表明与运动检测的相似性 在视觉上。操纵虚拟气味信号中的时空相关性表明，苍蝇确实利用了 气味运动时导航气味羽流。 黑腹果蝇可以“闻到”气味运动的发现表明了双侧感觉在嗅觉运动中的新作用。 嗅觉，并提出了以下问题的领域：1）如何气味运动-一个以前不受重视的 嗅觉方向提示-与其他方向提示相结合来驱动嗅觉导航？2)有哪些 气味运动检测器的输入，以及气味效价如何调节对气味运动的行为反应？第三章 什么样的神经回路和计算调解气味运动检测，它们如何与那些 介导视觉运动检测？我们将通过结合光遗传学刺激，神经元刺激， 活动测量，以及我们使用的行为和计算框架的神经遗传沉默 来发现气味运动感应。有了这个平台，我们可以控制，测量和扰动真实的气味和虚拟的气味。 气味信号在闭环和开环，在嗅觉导航自由行走的苍蝇。果蝇是完美的 适合追求这些目标，因为1）目前的嗅觉外周神经回路的知识 和下游嗅觉中心越来越多，以及连接体的可用性;和（2）能力， 选择性地测量和操纵参与感觉处理和整合的神经回路的活动。 苍蝇使用气味运动检测来增强气味引导导航的发现揭示了我们在这方面的重要差距。 了解嗅觉导航。拟议中的研究将通过描述苍蝇如何 整合气味运动与其他线索，以指导嗅觉行为，并通过揭示神经回路， 调节气味运动检测的计算。更广泛地说，这些发现将促进我们的理解 神经元电路计算，通过允许我们比较电路，计算运动的方式， 嗅觉和视觉，它们从具有非常不同的统计数据的输入中获得这些信号，并将它们用于不同的 导航目的。