Cartel Birth, Death, and Detection

卡特尔的诞生、死亡和侦破

• 批准号: 1148129
• 负责人: Joseph Harrington
• 金额: $ 30.47万
• 依托单位: University of Pennsylvania
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-01 至 2017-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1148129&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Cartel; Birth; Death; Detection

When do cartels form? What market conditions are conducive to cartel formation? How long do cartels last? In what markets can we expect cartels to persist for a long time? What are the implications of recessions for cartel activity? Are enforcement efforts, such as leniency programs, reducing the frequency of cartels? What new policies might prove effective?This award funds research into these and other questions using a combination of research methods. The PI will use a stochastic dynamic model of the birth and death of cartels to analyze the possible determinants of cartel duration and the frequency of cartels in an economy. The PI will use this birth-death process to simulate a panel data set of industries that includes some endogenous cartelization. The simulation model will be used to identify improved methods for estimating the probability of detection through data on discovered cartels; to provide an ex ante evaluation of the performance of various competition policies; and finally to discover useful proxies for the latent cartel rate to improve the ex post evaluation of cartel policies.The PI will also use qualitative research methods to develop new facts about cartel birth, death, and detection through the analysis of US and European cases and interviews with executives who have participated in cartel arrangements. The case analysis will better identify the true source of cartel detection. The interviews shed light on why firms chose to form a cartel and what caused it to break down.Broader impacts are fully integrated into the research, because the research questions are driven in part by the challenges faced by competition and antitrust enforcement agencies. Deterring and ending cartels is good for consumers, but it is difficult to evaluate the full benefit of these policies from observations limited to the population of observed cartels. The combination of research methods here will allow the PI to develop new recommendations for competition authorities in the US and also around the globe.

什么时候形成卡特尔？ 什么样的市场条件有利于卡特尔的形成？ 卡特尔能维持多久？ 在哪些市场上，我们可以期待卡特尔长期存在？ 经济衰退对卡特尔活动有何影响？ 执法努力，如宽大处理方案，是否减少了卡特尔的发生频率？ 哪些新政策可能会有效？该奖项资助研究这些和其他问题使用的研究方法相结合。 PI将使用卡特尔出生和死亡的随机动态模型来分析卡特尔持续时间和卡特尔在经济中的频率的可能决定因素。 PI将使用这个出生-死亡过程来模拟一个包含一些内生卡特尔化的行业面板数据集。 模拟模型将用于确定改进的方法，通过已发现卡特尔的数据估计发现的可能性;对各种竞争政策的绩效进行事前评估;最后，发现潜在卡特尔率的有用指标，以改善对卡特尔政策的事后评估。PI还将使用定性研究方法，研究有关卡特尔诞生，死亡，通过对美国和欧洲案例的分析以及对参与卡特尔安排的高管的采访， 案例分析将更好地查明卡特尔侦查的真正来源。 访谈揭示了企业选择组建卡特尔的原因以及导致卡特尔解体的原因。更广泛的影响完全融入了研究，因为研究问题部分是由竞争和反垄断执法机构面临的挑战驱动的。 遏制和结束卡特尔对消费者有利，但仅从被观察到的卡特尔群体的观察结果很难评估这些政策的全部好处。 这里的研究方法的结合将使PI能够为美国和地球仪的竞争管理机构提出新的建议。