CAREER: Cryogenic Interferometers in the Quantum Regime for Gravitational-Wave Science

职业：引力波科学量子领域的低温干涉仪

• 批准号: 1150531
• 负责人: Thomas Corbitt
• 金额: $ 99.6万
• 依托单位: Louisiana State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-07-01 至 2019-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1150531&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Cryogenic; Interferometers; Quantum; Regime

This award supports tabletop experiments to study methods for mitigating quantum noise in gravitational-wave interferometers. An experimental setup limited by both radiation pressure and shot noise in a low noise cryogenic environment will be developed. To achieve this in a small scale prototype, micro-fabricated mechanical resonators (of order 100 nanograms) will be used as one mirror of a high finesse optical cavity inside a low vibration cryostat, cooled to below 10K. A series of experiments will then be performed to verify models of quantum noise, and to test methods for its reduction. Specifically, a homodyne detector will be used to perform a variational readout of the resonator's position, to exploit the ponderomotive squeezing, and to evade the radiation pressure noise at a single frequency. A filter cavity will then be introduced to evade the radiation pressure noise in a wide frequency band. Advanced LIGO and other second generation gravitational wave detectors are expected to be limited by quantum noise across the majority of their detection frequency band. At low frequencies, the test masses are driven by radiation pressure and at high frequencies, shot noise limits the phase precision of the measurement. Together, the radiation pressure and shot noise represent a significant limit on the sensitivities of future gravitational-wave detectors. Collaboration with other groups within the LIGO Scientific Collaboration will provide access to a source of squeezed vacuum states, which will be used to directly reduce the radiation pressure noise. Alternative topologies, such as the speedmeter and dual-carrier readout, will also be explored. By using a combination of optical trapping and cooling, the mechanical resonators will be placed into low noise states, with decoherence rates less than their oscillation frequency, allowing for the resonators to be placed in non-classical states, as a test of quantum mechanics. This research program will substantially enhance the on-campus research activities of the experimental gravitational physics program at Louisiana State University. Because of LSU's proximity to the LIGO Livingston Observatory, and the PI's other research activities within the LIGO project, there will be substantial personnel and intellectual overlap between LIGO commissioning, other on-site work, and R&D activities. Integration among these activities will strengthen the LIGO project and reduce risk, as well as advance the frontier of gravitational-wave science. Students and post-docs with experience in both small scale lab experiments and large scientific collaborations will be trained. The nature of this work naturally leads to collaboration between the GW community and the fields of quantum optics and quantum information. The thermal noise characterization experiments will have wide ranging applications to many systems limited by thermal noise. A summer research and education program aimed at undergraduate juniors will be developed, with the goal of encouraging and helping underrepresented groups in the region enter and succeed in graduate school within the LIGO Scientific Collaboration. This program will contain both a research and an education component, and will work strongly with existing programs including the LIGO Science Education Center, Southern University Baton Rouge's Timbuktu Academy, and the outreach group in the LIGO Scientific Collaboration to develop the educational program and to attract students.

该奖项支持桌面实验，以研究减轻引力波干涉仪中量子噪声的方法。将开发一种在低噪声低温环境中同时受辐射压力和散粒噪声限制的实验装置。为了在小规模的原型中实现这一点，微制造的机械谐振器（数量级为100纳克）将被用作低振动低温恒温器内的高精细光学腔的一面镜子，冷却到低于10K。然后将进行一系列实验来验证量子噪声的模型，并测试降低量子噪声的方法。具体而言，零差检测器将被用来执行谐振器的位置的变化读出，利用有质动力压缩，并避免在一个单一的频率的辐射压力噪声。然后引入滤波腔，以避免宽频带内的辐射压力噪声。先进的LIGO和其他第二代引力波探测器预计将受到其大部分探测频带的量子噪声的限制。在低频率下，测试质量由辐射压力驱动，而在高频率下，散粒噪声限制了测量的相位精度。辐射压力和散粒噪声共同代表了未来引力波探测器灵敏度的重大限制。与LIGO科学合作组织内的其他小组的合作将提供获得压缩真空态的来源，这将用于直接降低辐射压力噪声。替代拓扑结构，如速度表和双载波读出，也将探讨。通过使用光学捕获和冷却的组合，机械谐振器将被置于低噪声状态，退相干率小于其振荡频率，允许谐振器被置于非经典状态，作为量子力学的测试。这项研究计划将大大加强路易斯安那州立大学实验引力物理计划的校园研究活动。由于LSU靠近LIGO利文斯顿天文台，以及PI在LIGO项目中的其他研究活动，LIGO调试、其他现场工作和研发活动之间将有大量的人员和知识重叠。这些活动之间的整合将加强LIGO项目并降低风险，并推进引力波科学的前沿。学生和博士后都在小规模实验室实验和大型科学合作的经验将得到培训。这项工作的性质自然导致GW社区与量子光学和量子信息领域之间的合作。热噪声特性实验对许多受热噪声限制的系统具有广泛的应用。将开发一个针对本科三年级学生的夏季研究和教育计划，目的是鼓励和帮助该地区代表性不足的群体进入LIGO科学合作组织的研究生院并取得成功。该计划将包含研究和教育两个部分，并将与现有的计划密切合作，包括LIGO科学教育中心，南方大学巴吞鲁日的廷布克图学院，以及LIGO科学合作的推广小组，以开发教育计划并吸引学生。

项目成果

Radiation-pressure-mediated control of an optomechanical cavity

• DOI: 10.1103/physreva.97.013827
• 发表时间: 2018-01-18
• 期刊: PHYSICAL REVIEW A
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Cripe, Jonathan;Aggarwal, Nancy;Corbitt, Thomas
• 通讯作者: Corbitt, Thomas

Nearly optimal measurement schemes in a noisy Mach-Zehnder interferometer with coherent and squeezed vacuum

• DOI: 10.1140/epjqt/s40507-017-0058-8
• 发表时间: 2017-04-07
• 期刊: EPJ QUANTUM TECHNOLOGY
• 影响因子: 5.3
• 作者: Gard, Bryan T.;You, Chenglong;Dowling, Jonathan P.
• 通讯作者: Dowling, Jonathan P.

Observation of an optical spring with a beam splitter

带分束器的光学弹簧的观察

• DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.002193
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Optics Letters
• 影响因子: 3.6
• 作者: Cripe, Jonathan;Danz, Baylee;Lane, Benjamin;Lorio, Mary Catherine;Falcone, Julia;Cole, Garrett D.;Corbitt, Thomas
• 通讯作者: Corbitt, Thomas

Broadband reduction of quantum radiation pressure noise via squeezed light injection

• DOI: 10.1038/s41566-019-0527-y
• 发表时间: 2018-12
• 期刊: Nature Photonics
• 影响因子: 35
• 作者: M. Yap;J. Cripe;G. Mansell;T. McRae;R. Ward;B. Slagmolen;P. Heu;D. Follman;G. Cole;T. Corbitt;D. McClelland

Measurement of quantum back action in the audio band at room temperature

• DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1051-4
• 发表时间: 2019-04-18
• 期刊: NATURE
• 影响因子: 64.8
• 作者: Cripe, Jonathan;Aggarwal, Nancy;Corbitt, Thomas
• 通讯作者: Corbitt, Thomas