Collaborative Research: SHINE--Observations and Modeling of the Longitudinal Extent and Variation of Multi-Spacecraft Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) Events

这个合作研究小组将研究激波加速度、耀斑加速度、超热粒子组成和粒子输运作为位置函数（沿着激波和/或与太阳源区域的纵向距离）的相对作用。耀斑和激波加速度对太阳高能粒子（SEP）事件及其产生的成分特征的相对贡献尚未确定，这一事实为这项工作提供了动力。研究小组将使用从多个航天器获得的特定个体SEP事件的观测结果，而不是像过去那样，试图通过单个航天器在不同条件下测量的许多事件的统计研究来推断现象学。这种方法可以更准确地确定驱动日冕物质抛射的源区域及其相关特性。该团队的分析技术还将提供一个更全面的太阳活动和非局部影响的视角，这可能在SEP事件的产生和确定其纵向范围方面发挥重要作用。这项工作将直接解决关于SEP组成和粒子输运的开放性科学问题。了解SEP事件的产生、组成和程度对于准确预测空间天气及其对宇航员和卫星的潜在影响至关重要。该团队将通过发表的文章、科学讲座以及与NASA相关航天器任务相关的网页来传播他们的科学成果。该项目将为乔治梅森大学培养一名博士后研究员作为合作研究者，并通过国际合作在德国培养一名研究生。该团队还将监督和培训亚利桑那大学和海军研究实验室的学生，他们将参与这个项目。加州理工学院的首席研究员是“太阳能周”的积极参与者，这是一个旨在鼓励高中女生追求科学事业的地方项目。

This collaborative research team will investigate the relative roles of shock acceleration, flare acceleration, suprathermal particle composition, and particle transport as a function of position (along the shock and/or the longitudinal distance from the solar source region). The relative contributions of flare and shock acceleration to solar energetic particle (SEP) events and their resulting compositional signatures are as yet undetermined, and this fact provides the motivation for this work. The research team will use observations of specific individual SEP events obtained from multiple spacecraft, rather than attempting to infer phenomenology through statistical studies of many events measured by a single spacecraft under varying conditions, as has been done in the past. This approach will allow a more accurate determination of the driving coronal mass ejection's source region and of its related properties. The team's analysis technique will also provide a more global view of solar activity and non-local effects, which may play an important role in the generation of SEP events and in determining their longitudinal extent. This effort will directly address open scientific questions regarding SEP composition and particle transport. Understanding the production, composition, and extent of SEP events is critical for accurate predictions of space weather and its potential impact on astronauts and satellites. The team will disseminate their scientific results through published articles, scientific talks, and the web pages associated with the relevant NASA spacecraft missions. This project will contribute to the training of a postdoctoral researcher as a co-investigator at George Mason University, and, through an international collaboration, a graduate student in Germany. The team will also supervise and train students at the University of Arizona and the Naval Research Laboratory who will work on this project. The Lead Principal Investigator at the California Institute of Technology is an active participant in "Solar Week," a local program designed to encourage high school girls to pursue careers in science.