Collaborative Research: SHINE--Observations and Modeling of the Longitudinal Extent and Variation of Multi-Spacecraft Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) Events

这个合作研究小组将调查激波加速、耀斑加速、超热粒子组成和粒子传输作为位置（沿着激波和/或距太阳源区的纵向距离）的函数的相对作用。耀斑和激波加速对太阳高能粒子（SEP）事件的相对贡献及其产生的成分特征尚未确定，这一事实提供了这项工作的动机。研究小组将使用从多个航天器获得的特定单个SEP事件的观测结果，而不是像过去那样，试图通过对单个航天器在不同条件下测量的许多事件的统计研究来推断现象学。这种方法将允许更准确地确定驱动日冕物质抛射的源区及其相关属性。该团队的分析技术还将提供太阳活动和非局部效应的更全面的视图，这可能在SEP事件的生成和确定其纵向范围方面发挥重要作用。这项工作将直接解决有关SEP成分和颗粒传输的开放性科学问题。了解SEP事件的产生、组成和范围对于准确预测空间天气及其对宇航员和卫星的潜在影响至关重要。该小组将通过发表的文章、科学讲座和与美国航天局相关航天器任务有关的网页传播其科学成果。该项目将有助于培训一名博士后研究员，作为乔治梅森大学的共同研究员，并通过国际合作，在德国培训一名研究生。该小组还将监督和培训亚利桑那大学和海军研究实验室的学生，他们将从事这一项目。加州理工学院的首席研究员是“太阳周”的积极参与者，这是一个旨在鼓励高中女生从事科学职业的当地项目。

This collaborative research team will investigate the relative roles of shock acceleration, flare acceleration, suprathermal particle composition, and particle transport as a function of position (along the shock and/or the longitudinal distance from the solar source region). The relative contributions of flare and shock acceleration to solar energetic particle (SEP) events and their resulting compositional signatures are as yet undetermined, and this fact provides the motivation for this work. The research team will use observations of specific individual SEP events obtained from multiple spacecraft, rather than attempting to infer phenomenology through statistical studies of many events measured by a single spacecraft under varying conditions, as has been done in the past. This approach will allow a more accurate determination of the driving coronal mass ejection's source region and of its related properties. The team's analysis technique will also provide a more global view of solar activity and non-local effects, which may play an important role in the generation of SEP events and in determining their longitudinal extent. This effort will directly address open scientific questions regarding SEP composition and particle transport. Understanding the production, composition, and extent of SEP events is critical for accurate predictions of space weather and its potential impact on astronauts and satellites. The team will disseminate their scientific results through published articles, scientific talks, and the web pages associated with the relevant NASA spacecraft missions. This project will contribute to the training of a postdoctoral researcher as a co-investigator at George Mason University, and, through an international collaboration, a graduate student in Germany. The team will also supervise and train students at the University of Arizona and the Naval Research Laboratory who will work on this project. The Lead Principal Investigator at the California Institute of Technology is an active participant in "Solar Week," a local program designed to encourage high school girls to pursue careers in science.