Collaborative Research: The Economic Origins and Ramifications of the Great Migration

摘要题目：“合作研究：大移民的经济起源和后果”，作者：玛丽安·h·沃纳梅克和威廉·j·柯林斯，该项目将研究1900年至1940年间美国南部出生的工人内部移民的起源和后果。社会科学家普遍认为，南方人的“大迁徙”，特别是非洲裔美国人的高迁移率，是美国经济和社会历史上最重要的事件之一。该项目的一个关键方面是开发新的数据集，这些数据集将20世纪初人口普查期间的个人联系起来，大大提高了观察和分析白人和黑人工人内部迁移的能力。该项目将侧重于四个主要调查领域，这些领域受到现有数据集缺陷的限制：1)确定提高或降低迁移可能性和影响职业选择的早期生活因素，包括家庭和特定地点；2)衡量跨地区移民积累的经济收益，包括种族和技能差异；3)确定移民在促进代际流动和劳动力市场结果的种族趋同方面的作用；4)评估社会网络、地理距离、环境冲击、工资差异等因素对移民目的地选择的影响。该项目的结果和数据集将使我们能够比以前更深入地记录和分析20世纪初的美国劳动力市场。反过来，这将有助于与其他时间和地点进行比较，在不同的制度和技术背景下（例如，中国或欧盟的内部移民）。它还将在微观层面上展示移民是如何推动美国经济的结构转型的，因为农业的重要性下降，城市迅速发展，南方开始与美国其他地区的经济融合。最后，项目中产生的分析将阐明在这一重要时期的歧视、人力资本、代际变化和移民的经济学。

AbstractTitle: "Collaborative Research: The Economic Origins and Ramifications of the Great Migration"PIs: Marianne H. Wanamaker and William J. CollinsThis project will study the origins and ramifications of the internal migration of southern-born U.S. workers between 1900 and 1940. Social scientists widely view the "Great Migration" of southerners, especially the high rate of migration by African Americans, as one of the most important events in American economic and social history. A key aspect of the project is the development of new datasets that link individuals across census years in the early 20th century, greatly improving the ability to observe and analyze internal migration for both white and black workers.The project will focus on four main areas of inquiry that have been limited by shortcomings of existing datasets: 1) identification of early-life factors, both household and location-specific, that raised or lowered the likelihood of migration and affected occupational choice; 2) measurement of the economic gains that accrued to inter-regional migrants, including differences by race and skill; 3) identifying the role of migration in fostering intergenerational mobility and racial convergence in labor market outcomes; and 4) estimating how social networks, geographic distance, environmental shocks, wage differences, and other factors influenced migrants' selection of destinations.The results and datasets of the project will allow deeper documentation and analysis of American labor markets in the early 20th century than was previously possible. This, in turn, will facilitate comparisons with other times and places, where different institutional and technological contexts prevail (e.g., internal migration in China or the E.U.). It will also demonstrate at a micro-level how migration fueled the structural transformation of the American economy, as agriculture declined in importance, cities grew rapidly, and the South began its economic convergence on the rest on the U.S. Finally, analyses produced in the project will shed light on the economics of discrimination, human capital, intergenerational change, and migration in this important period.