Consortium for Materials Properties Research in Earth Sciences (COMPRES): National Facilities and Infrastructure Development for High-Pressure Geosciences Research

COMPRES是一个以社区为基础的联盟，由57个美国成员机构组成和管理，支持构成地球和其他行星体内部材料特性的研究，特别强调高压科学和技术及相关领域。它负责监督和指导几个国家同步加速器设施的专门高压实验室。comppres支持光束线的操作，高压研究新技术的开发，并向各种资助机构倡导科学和教育计划。除美国成员外，还有39个外国机构是compes无投票权的附属机构。成员机构指导联盟的方向并确定其使命。compes的智力和科学目标在“理解地球的构建模块：地球过程的材料科学”报告中有所描述，该报告来自2009年的规划研讨会（www.compres.us）。通过支持先进的地球科学实验工具，COMPRES可以研究地球内部的成分和热结构，其随时间的演变，以及地壳，地幔和地核的动力学行为。COMPRES的科学目标与其他地球物理学科之间有着密切的关系。在压缩支持的设施中进行的矿物物理测量结果对于根据地球内部的物理、化学和动态状态解释地震学和其他地球物理观测结果至关重要。地震学界的许多科学目标都需要对地球材料在极端压力和温度下的材料特性进行调查，这也是compes社区所追求的。在压缩支持的设施中进行的研究也解决了直接的社会影响问题，如地震的原因、碳封存、自然资源和对新型先进材料的基础研究。comppres支持国家同步加速器光源（NSLS，布鲁克海文国家实验室）和先进光源（ALS，劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室）的三个同步加速器光束线的操作和设备需求。NSLS的x射线束流线X17B2是高压和高温下材料流变学和状态方程测量的中心，使用大体积多砧压力机（LVP）和Drickamer变形仪。NSLS的X17B3和X17C光束线用于使用金刚石砧细胞（DAC）高压设备进行材料的高能x射线研究，具有电阻和激光加热。U2A波束线是世界领先的高压红外光谱设备。ALS的12.2.2波束线是compress西海岸设备，用于使用金刚石电池进行高压高温研究，并正在发展成为DAC应用的电阻加热中心，以及激光加热实验。COMPRES还支持核共振非弹性x射线散射和同步加速器Mössbauer在先进光子源（APS）的第三部门的研究。根据新的5年合作协议，comppres将在APS建立一个comppres技术中心（COMPTECH），利用其他先进的同步加速器技术开发高压能力，如单晶微衍射和动量分辨非弹性散射。随着美国最新的同步加速器NSLS-II的计划完成？2015年，COMPRES将支持XPD项目束流线的高压实验。除了在NSLS-II启动时提供大体积和钻石电池实验设施外，COMPTECH在NSLS-II的办公室将有助于利用这个新的世界领先设施的独特功能，在极端压力-温度条件下进行新一代实验。

COMPRES is a community-based consortium, comprised of and governed by 57 US member institutions, that supports research in the properties of materials that comprise the interiors of Earth and other planetary bodies, with particular emphasis on highpressure science and technology and related fields. It is charged with the oversight and guidance of specialized high-pressure laboratories at several national synchrotron facilities. COMPRES supports the operation of beam lines, the development of new technologies for high-pressure research, and advocates for science and educational programs to the various funding agencies. In addition to the US membership, 39 foreign institutions are non-voting affiliates of COMPRES. The member institutions guide the direction of the consortium and define its missions. The intellectual and scientific goals of COMPRES are described in the report "Understanding the Building Blocks of the Planet: The Materials Science of Earth Processes", which came out of a 2009 planning workshop (www.compres.us). Through its support of advanced tools for Earth science experimentation, COMPRES enables research on the compositional and thermal structure of Earths interior, its evolution through time, and the dynamical behavior of the crust, mantle and core. There is an intimate relationship between the scientific goals of COMPRES and other geophysical disciplines. The results of mineral physics measurements carried out at COMPRES-supported facilities are critical for interpreting seismological and other geophysical observations in terms of the physical, chemical, and dynamical state of Earths interior. Many of the scientific objectives of the seismological community require investigations of the material properties of Earth materials at extreme pressures and temperatures, as pursued by the COMPRES community. Research done at COMPRES-supported facilities also addresses questions of direct societal impact, such as the causes of earthquakes, carbon sequestration, natural resources, and basic research into new advanced materials.COMPRES supports the operations and equipment needs of three synchrotron beamlines at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS, Brookhaven National Laboratory), and one at the Advanced Light Source (ALS, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory). X-ray beam line X17B2 at NSLS is a center for rheology and equations of state measurements on materials at high pressures and temperatures, using the Large-Volume Multi-Anvil Press (LVP) and a Drickamer deformation apparatus. Beam lines X17B3 and X17C at NSLS are for high-energy X-ray studies of materials using the diamond-anvil cell (DAC) high-pressure apparatus, with resistance and laser heating. Beam line U2A is the worldleading facility for high-pressure infrared spectroscopy. Beam line 12.2.2 at the ALS is the COMPRES West-Coast facility for high-pressure high-temperature research using the diamond cell, and is developing into a center for resistance heating for DAC applications, as well as for laser-heating experiments. COMPRES also supports nuclear resonant inelastic X-ray scattering and synchrotron Mössbauer research at Sector 3 of the Advanced Photon Source (APS). Under the new 5-year cooperative agreement, COMPRES will establish a COMPRES Technology Center (COMPTECH) at the APS to develop high-pressure capabilities utilizing other advanced synchrotron techniques, such as single-crystal micro-diffraction, and momentum resolved inelastic scattering. With the planned completion of the NSLS-II - the newest US synchrotron ? in 2015, COMPRES will support high-pressure experimentation at the Project beam line XPD. In addition to providing facilities for large volume and diamond cell experiments upon startup of NSLS-II, a COMPTECH office at NSLS-II will help to exploit the unique capabilities of this new world-leading facility for a new generation of experiments at extreme pressure-temperature conditions.