Consortium for Materials Properties Research in Earth Sciences (COMPRES): National Facilities and Infrastructure Development for High-Pressure Geosciences Research

地球科学材料特性研究联盟 (COMPRES)：高压地球科学研究的国家设施和基础设施开发

• 批准号: 1157758
• 负责人: Jay Bass
• 金额: $ 1200万
• 依托单位: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Cooperative Agreement
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-06-01 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1157758&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Consortium; Materials; Properties; Research; Earth

COMPRES is a community-based consortium, comprised of and governed by 57 US member institutions, that supports research in the properties of materials that comprise the interiors of Earth and other planetary bodies, with particular emphasis on highpressure science and technology and related fields. It is charged with the oversight and guidance of specialized high-pressure laboratories at several national synchrotron facilities. COMPRES supports the operation of beam lines, the development of new technologies for high-pressure research, and advocates for science and educational programs to the various funding agencies. In addition to the US membership, 39 foreign institutions are non-voting affiliates of COMPRES. The member institutions guide the direction of the consortium and define its missions. The intellectual and scientific goals of COMPRES are described in the report "Understanding the Building Blocks of the Planet: The Materials Science of Earth Processes", which came out of a 2009 planning workshop (www.compres.us). Through its support of advanced tools for Earth science experimentation, COMPRES enables research on the compositional and thermal structure of Earths interior, its evolution through time, and the dynamical behavior of the crust, mantle and core. There is an intimate relationship between the scientific goals of COMPRES and other geophysical disciplines. The results of mineral physics measurements carried out at COMPRES-supported facilities are critical for interpreting seismological and other geophysical observations in terms of the physical, chemical, and dynamical state of Earths interior. Many of the scientific objectives of the seismological community require investigations of the material properties of Earth materials at extreme pressures and temperatures, as pursued by the COMPRES community. Research done at COMPRES-supported facilities also addresses questions of direct societal impact, such as the causes of earthquakes, carbon sequestration, natural resources, and basic research into new advanced materials.COMPRES supports the operations and equipment needs of three synchrotron beamlines at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS, Brookhaven National Laboratory), and one at the Advanced Light Source (ALS, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory). X-ray beam line X17B2 at NSLS is a center for rheology and equations of state measurements on materials at high pressures and temperatures, using the Large-Volume Multi-Anvil Press (LVP) and a Drickamer deformation apparatus. Beam lines X17B3 and X17C at NSLS are for high-energy X-ray studies of materials using the diamond-anvil cell (DAC) high-pressure apparatus, with resistance and laser heating. Beam line U2A is the worldleading facility for high-pressure infrared spectroscopy. Beam line 12.2.2 at the ALS is the COMPRES West-Coast facility for high-pressure high-temperature research using the diamond cell, and is developing into a center for resistance heating for DAC applications, as well as for laser-heating experiments. COMPRES also supports nuclear resonant inelastic X-ray scattering and synchrotron Mössbauer research at Sector 3 of the Advanced Photon Source (APS). Under the new 5-year cooperative agreement, COMPRES will establish a COMPRES Technology Center (COMPTECH) at the APS to develop high-pressure capabilities utilizing other advanced synchrotron techniques, such as single-crystal micro-diffraction, and momentum resolved inelastic scattering. With the planned completion of the NSLS-II - the newest US synchrotron ? in 2015, COMPRES will support high-pressure experimentation at the Project beam line XPD. In addition to providing facilities for large volume and diamond cell experiments upon startup of NSLS-II, a COMPTECH office at NSLS-II will help to exploit the unique capabilities of this new world-leading facility for a new generation of experiments at extreme pressure-temperature conditions.

COMPRES是一个以社区为基础的联合体，由57个美国成员机构组成和管理，支持对构成地球内部和其他行星体的材料性质的研究，特别强调高压科学和技术及相关领域。它负责监督和指导几个国家同步加速器设施的专门高压实验室。COMPRES支持光束线的操作，高压研究新技术的开发，并向各种资助机构倡导科学和教育计划。除美国成员外，还有39家外国机构是COMPRES的无投票权附属机构。成员机构指导联盟的方向并定义其使命。2009年一次规划研讨会（www.compres.us）的报告“了解地球的组成部分：地球过程的材料科学”介绍了COMPRES的知识和科学目标。通过支持地球科学实验的先进工具，COMPRES使研究地球内部的成分和热结构，其随时间的演变，以及地壳，地幔和核心的动力学行为成为可能。COMPRES的科学目标与其他地球物理学科之间有着密切的关系。在COMPRES支持的设施中进行的矿物物理测量的结果对于解释地震和其他地球物理观测的物理，化学和地球内部的动力学状态至关重要。地震学界的许多科学目标要求研究地球材料在极端压力和温度下的材料特性，这是COMPRES界所追求的。在COMPRES支持的设施中进行的研究还涉及直接社会影响的问题，例如地震的原因、碳封存、自然资源和对新的先进材料的基础研究。COMPRES支持国家同步加速器光源的三条同步加速器光束线的操作和设备需求。（NSLS，布鲁克海文国家实验室），一个在先进光源（ALS，劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室）。NSLS的X射线束线X17 B2是在高压和高温下对材料进行流变学和状态方程测量的中心，使用大容量多砧压力机（LVP）和Drickamer变形装置。NSLS的X17 B3和X17 C光束线用于使用金刚石压砧单元（DAC）高压设备进行材料的高能X射线研究，具有电阻和激光加热。光束线U2 A是世界领先的高压红外光谱设备。ALS的光束线12.2.2是COMPRES西海岸使用金刚石电池进行高压高温研究的设施，并正在发展成为DAC应用的电阻加热中心，以及激光加热实验。COMPRES还支持先进光子源（APS）第3区的核共振非弹性X射线散射和同步加速器穆斯堡尔研究。根据新的5年合作协议，COMPRES将在APS建立COMPRES技术中心（COMPTECH），利用其他先进的同步加速器技术（如单晶微衍射和动量分辨非弹性散射）开发高压能力。随着计划完成的NSLS-II -最新的美国同步加速器？2015年，COMPRES将支持XPD项目光束线的高压实验。除了在NSLS-II启动时为大体积和金刚石电池实验提供设施外，NSLS-II的COMPTECH办公室将有助于利用这一新的世界领先设施的独特能力，在极端压力-温度条件下进行新一代实验。